Table 3

Differences in distance travelled calculated by subtracting expected distance to primary and secondary health facilities from the observed distances (n=21 856)

	O: Observed distance travelled (km)		E1: Expected distance to nearest secondary care (km)		E2: Expected distance to nearest facility recording births (km)		Test statistic (for difference in O-E1 by patient characteristic)	Test statistic (for difference in O-E2 by patient characteristic)
	Median	IQR	Median	IQR	Median	IQR	Kruskal-Wallis	Kruskal-Wallis
Age (years)							<0.001	0.66
10–20	6.31	10.11	4.04	7.85	0.99	2.64
20–30	5.46	10.31	3.16	6.90	0.97	2.71
30–40	5.77	11.06	3.16	6.66	0.94	2.84
40–50	6.22	10.49	3.79	7.93	0.93	2.77
Education							<0.001	<0.001
No formal education	5.59	6.59	3.95	6.25	0.84	0.98
Primary	3.19	9.23	1.84	8.23	0.84	0.85
Junior high	6.22	11.02	3.16	6.91	1.07	3.29
Senior high	5.54	8.50	3.16	5.97	1.20	2.84
Tertiary	4.41	9.18	1.83	5.84	0.72	1.50
Occupation							<0.001	<0.001
Employed	5.72	11.15	2.12	5.61	1.05	3.05
Trader/farmer	5.62	11.06	3.16	6.95	0.98	2.94
Student	5.54	8.50	3.63	6.70	1.00	2.31
Unemployed	6.22	10.42	3.63	7.00	1.09	2.84
Unspecified	8.79	15.07	6.02	11.93	0.60	2.91
Others	5.50	7.22	3.97	6.92	0.84	0.96
Health insurance							0.83	0.40
Non-insured	4.82	12.43	3.16	8.38	0.98	2.78
Insured	5.73	10.53	3.34	7.08	0.97	2.73
Outcome of birth							0.04	0.46
Absconded	2.95	3.97	0.84	3.00	0.84	0.86
Died	1.70	19.93	1.69	17.56	0.50	1.52
Discharged	5.73	10.53	3.34	7.11	0.97	2.73
Transferred	7.98	12.38	5.45	9.38	0.64	0.82
Unspecified	14.98	1.82	14.98	1.82	1.51	1.06
Type of birth							0.84	0.18
Normal births and normal births with episiotomy	5.75	10.01	3.39	7.08	0.98	2.85
Caesarean section and other surgical procedures	5.62	11.15	3.16	7.13	0.84	2.30
Parity							<0.001	<0.001
Never given birth	6.02	9.72	3.21	7.13	0.89	2.66
1–3	5.45	10.31	3.16	6.67	0.96	2.64
4 or more	6.49	10.68	3.75	7.37	1.05	2.99