Table 1

Maternal and newborn infant characteristics stratified by postsecond day neonatal survival in the development set*

	Development set (n=14 944)
	Alive (n=14 752)		Dead (n=192)		P value
	No.	%	No.	%	P value
Age at positive urine test, years
<20	4521	30.6	71	37.0	0.154
20–29	8197	55.6	95	49.5
>29	2034	13.8	26	13.5
Missing	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gravidity
Multigravidae	10 438	70.8	112	58.3	<0.001
Primigravidae	4314	29.2	80	41.7
Missing	0	0.0	0	0.0
Maternal BMI, kg/m²
BMI≥18.5	8755	59.3	100	52.1	0.042
BMI<18.5	5997	40.7	92	47.9
Missing	0	0.0	0	0.0
Living standards index†
At/below median	7336	49.7	123	64.1	<0.001
Above median	7394	50.1	69	35.9
Missing	22	0.1	0	0.0
Education level
None	4218	28.6	69	35.9	0.103
Class 1–4	2215	15	33	17.2
Class 5–9	7496	50.8	83	43.2
Class ≥10	803	5.4	7	3.6
Missing	20	0.1	0	0.0
Betel nut chewing‡
Did not chew	4524	30.7	60	31.2	0.762
Chewed betel nut	10 188	69.1	132	68.8
Missing	40	0.3	0	0.0
Tobacco chewing‡
Did not chew	12 998	88.1	173	90.1	0.521
Tobacco chewing	1713	11.6	18	9.4
Missing	41	0.3	1	0.5
Husband smoking‡
Did not smoke	5109	34.6	71	37.0	0.582
Husband smoking	9592	65	121	63.0
Missing	51	0.3	0	0.0
Experienced prior stillbirth§
No prior stillbirth	9541	91.6	97	86.6	0.172
≥1 previous stillbirth	879	8.4	15	13.4
Missing	1	0.0	0	0.0
Experienced prior abortion§
No prior abortion	9232	88.6	99	88.4	0.992
≥1 prior abortion	1188	11.4	13	11.6
Missing	1	0.0	0	0.0
Experienced prior miscarriage§
No prior miscarriage	9275	89	98	87.5	0.874
≥1 prior miscarriage	1145	11	14	12.5
Missing	1	0.0	0	0.0
Experienced prior infant death§
No prior infant death	7722	74.1	65	58.0	0.001
≥1 prior infant death	2222	21.3	38	33.9
Missing	477	4.6	9	8.0
Location of delivery¶
Facility	982	6.7	7	3.6	0.007
Home	13 743	93.2	183	95.3
Missing	27	0.2	2	1.0
Infant sex¶
Male	7481	50.7	98	51.0	0.928
Female	7271	49.3	94	49.0
Missing	0	0.0	0	0.0
Gestational age at birth, weeks
Mean (SD)	38.8 (2.86)		36.2 (4.19)		<0.001
≥37	11 424	77.4	85	44.3	<0.001
<37	2690	18.2	100	52.1
Missing	638	4.3	7	3.6
Birth weight, kg¶
Mean (SD)	2.57 (0.40)		2.04 (0.58)		<0.001
≥2.5	8542	57.9	49	25.5	<0.001
<2.5	6177	41.9	140	72.9
Missing	33	0.2	3	1.6
Cyanosis¶
Absent	14 396	97.6	183	95.3	0.034
Present	308	2.1	9	4.7
Missing	48	0.3	0	0.0
Non-cephalic presentation¶
Absent	14 439	97.9	180	93.8	<0.001
Present	297	2.0	12	6.2
Missing	16	0.1	0	0.0
Lethargy¶
Absent	9805	66.5	88	45.8	<0.001
Present	4854	32.9	104	54.2
Missing	93	0.6	0	0.0
Trouble suckling
Absent	13 438	91.1	128	66.7	<0.001
Present	1171	7.9	54	28.1
Missing	143	1.0	10	5.2

*Data are n, % unless otherwise specified.
†Median living standards index for combined development and validation sets: –0.2596556.
‡Tobacco exposures measured with respect to the week preceding interview at enrolment.
§Data ascertained from pregnancy enrolment among women reporting a previous pregnancy. In the development set, 10 533 infants were born to mothers in multigravidae, 10 421 remained alive, 112 died.
¶Data ascertained from infant birth assessment or maternal birth assessment.
BMI, body mass index.