Follow-up values of outcome variables in intervention and control clinics
| Control | Intervention | P value | ICC | |||
| Individual level outcomes | N | % | N | % | ||
| Participants with asthma | 2633 | 100.0 | 2437 | 100.0 | ||
| *Asthma score=0 | 2107 | 80.0 | 1823 | 74.8 | 0.006† | 0.028 |
| Asthma score=1 | 442 | 16.8 | 497 | 20.4 | ||
| Asthma score=2 | 84 | 3.2 | 117 | 4.8 | ||
| Asthma score component: spirometry | 212 | 8.1 | 267 | 11.0 | 0.012 | 0.017 |
| Asthma score component: start or change of treatment, including: | 398 | 15.1 | 464 | 19.0 | 0.012 | 0.020 |
| ICS started | 156 | 5.9 | 178 | 7.3 | 0.067 | 0.039 |
| Long-acting beta2-agonist+ICS started | 63 | 2.4 | 85 | 3.5 | 0.083 | 0.067 |
| Treatment stepped up | 30 | 1.1 | 43 | 1.8 | 0.096 | 0.074 |
| Treatment stepped down | 22 | 0.8 | 20 | 0.8 | 0.932 | 0.023 |
| Participants with COPD | 1181 | 100.0 | 1371 | 100.0 | ||
| *COPD score=0 | 951 | 80.5 | 1065 | 77.7 | 0.142 | 0.036 |
| COPD score=1 | 186 | 15.8 | 245 | 17.9 | ||
| COPD score=2 | 44 | 3.7 | 61 | 4.5 | ||
| COPD score: spirometry | 154 | 13.0 | 220 | 16.1 | 0.053 | 0.034 |
| COPD score: start or change treatment, including: | 120 | 10.2 | 147 | 10.7 | 0.699 | 0.013 |
| ICS started | 61 | 5.2 | 65 | 4.7 | 0.513 | 0.006 |
| Short-acting beta2-agonist | 51 | 4.3 | 62 | 4.5 | 0.880 | 0.005 |
| Long-acting beta2-agonist+ICS started | 63 | 5.3 | 83 | 6.1 | 0.456 | 0.018 |
| Participants with asthma or COPD | 3355 | 100.0 | 3311 | 100.0 | ||
| Cardiovascular disease newly diagnosed | 107 | 3.2 | 119 | 3.6 | 0.705 | 0.005 |
| Cardiovascular risk assessed | 2170 | 64.7 | 2141 | 64.7 | 0.698 | 0.034 |
| Diabetes newly diagnosed | 66 | 2.0 | 96 | 2.9 | 0.057 | 0.009 |
| Nicotine or buproprion or nortriptyline prescribed | 102 | 3.0 | 115 | 3.5 | 0.419 | 0.005 |
| Depression newly diagnosed | 81 | 2.4 | 104 | 3.1 | 0.266 | 0.020 |
| Antidepressant treatment started | 121 | 3.6 | 132 | 4.0 | 0.607 | 0.013 |
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P‡ | ||
| Clinic level asthma score | 0.330 | 0.142 | 0.361 | 0.131 | 0.456‡ | Not applicable |
| Clinic level COPD score | 0.281 | 0.175 | 0.293 | 0.150 | 0.808‡ | Not applicable |
| Clinic level diagnosis and hospital admission ratios§ | ||||||
| #New asthma and COPD diagnoses | 9.3 | 3.0 | 9.4 | 4.0 | 0.884‡ | Not applicable |
| New asthma diagnoses | 6.2 | 1.8 | 6.0 | 2.6 | 0.706‡ | Not applicable |
| New COPD diagnoses | 3.1 | 1.9 | 3.3 | 2.1 | 0.851‡ | Not applicable |
| Hospital admissions for asthma or COPD | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.822‡ | Not applicable |
*Primary outcomes.
†Ordinal logistic regression model. Logistic regression models for all other individual-level outcomes. All individual-level regression models adjusted for randomisation strata and intra-cluster correlation of outcomes.
‡Linear regression models adjusted for randomisation strata.
§No of new diagnoses or hospital admissions: 1000 adults visiting clinic during the year.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICC, intra-cluster correlation coefficient; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid.