Comparison of gestational weight gain and mid-upper arm circumference for women in the baseline versus endline surveys*
| Characteristics | Baseline | Endline | Minimally adjusted OR or minimally adjusted mean difference† (95% CI) | P value | Fully adjusted OR or fully adjusted mean difference‡ (95% CI) | P value |
| Gestational weight gain (GWG), n | 940 | 564 | ||||
| Adequate GWG per week§ | 224 (24.0%) | 148 (26.4%) | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.2) | 0.13 | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.5) | 0.22 |
| GWG per week (kg)¶ | 0.20±0.07 | 0.28±0.07 | 0.07 (–0.04 to 0.19) | 0.21 | 0.06 (–0.07 to 0.19) | 0.36 |
| MUAC, n | 1385 | 922 | ||||
| Adequate MUAC (≥23 cm) | 1041 (75.2%) | 712 (77.2%) | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.5) | 0.38 | 1.4 (0.6 to 3.2) | 0.41 |
| MUAC (cm)¶ | 24.7±0.27 | 24.3±0.33 | −0.4 (–1.0 to 0.2) | 0.24 | −0.3 (–1.0 to 0.3) | 0.34 |
*Results are presented as N (%) or mean±SE.
†Minimally adjusted model: adjusted for year, season, village and a variable indicating if a participant was enrolled in the baseline or in the endline survey because of the nature of the study design.
‡Fully adjusted model: multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for all the covariates in addition to year, season and village.
§Adequate gestational weight gain per week compared with the Institute of Medicine recommendations for underweight and normal weight women: a GWG of 0.35–0.58 kg/week was considered adequate.41
¶The mean difference compares endline to baseline.
GWG, gestational weight gain; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference.