Cohort | Age range (months) | % items in D-score from original instrument* | Bayley-I, II, III† | Other measures | |||
Cognition | Language | Motor | |||||
MDI | PDI | Total Score | Measure | ||||
Bangladesh | 18 | 0.13 (16/121) | 0.797 | 0.503 | |||
Brazil 1 | 5–11 | 1 (18/18) | 0.859 | Denver-II | |||
11–19 | 0.84 (16/19) | 0.926 | |||||
Chile 1 | 6 | 0.67 (31/46) | 0.861 | 0.438 | |||
12 | 0.55 (60/109) | 0.880 | 0.361 | ||||
18 | 0.45 (26/58) | 0.835 | 0.249 | ||||
Chile 2‡ | 24–35 | 0.53 (33/62) | 0.768 | Tepsi | |||
36–47 | 0.855 | ||||||
China | 18 | 0.53 (40/76) | 0.541 | – | 0.458 | ||
Colombia 1 | 10–26 | 0.41 (104/254) | 0.710 | 0.809 | 0.775 | ||
28–45 | 0.45 (96/212) | 0.742 | 0.840 | 0.672 | |||
Colombia 2 | 6–17 | 0.32 (200/631) | 0.386 | 0.333 | 0.675 | 0.758 | Denver-II |
18–29 | 0.671 | 0.837 | 0.651 | 0.642 | |||
30–42 | 0.649 | 0.811 | 0.620 | 0.795 | |||
Ecuador | 0–11 | 0.68 (15/22) | 0.791 | Barrera | |||
12–23 | 0.815 | ||||||
24–35 | 0.768 | ||||||
Ethiopia | 11–12 | 0.48 (73/151) | 0.614 | 0.560 | 0.915 | ||
29–32 | 0.46 (83/181) | 0.737 | 0.814 | 0.808 | |||
41–44 | 0.42 (61/146) | 0.631 | 0.723 | 0.696 | |||
Jamaica 1 | 15 | 0.47 (69/148) | 0.930 | Griffiths DQ§ | |||
24 | 0.44 (68/155) | 0.862 | |||||
Jamaica 2 | 9–25 | 0.44 (94/212) | 0.574 | Griffiths DQ§ | |||
21–37 | 0.33 (66/200) | 0.888 | |||||
33-48 | 0.29 (52/181) | 0.864 | |||||
Madagascar | 34–42 | 0.24 (10/41) | 0.452 | SB-5 | |||
Netherlands 1¶ | 0–11 | 0.57 (4/7) to 1 (13/13) | 0.949 | DDI | |||
12–23 | 0.92 (12/13) | 0.958 | |||||
24–34 | 0.71 (10/14) | 0.486 | |||||
South Africa | 6 | 0.48 (80/166) | 0.791 | 0.775 | 0.868 | Griffiths DQ§ | |
12 | 0.5 (101/202) | 0.763 | 0.659 | 0.725 | |||
24 | 0.41 (12/29) | 0.729 | Vineland |
*Not all items from the original instrument were included in the final model. Items from multiple instruments were included in D-score estimation in Colombia 2 and South Africa.
†Bayley-I, II, III scores are externally standardised, except for Ethiopia, which is internally age-standardised. Externally standardised scores are cognitive, language and motor composite scores for the Bayley-III; and the MDI and PDI for the Bayley-I and Bayley-II.
‡Excludes children>48 months at Time 1.
§Griffiths DQ includes motor development items.
¶Data collection rounds for Netherlands 1 were collapsed into 1 year age increments (0–11 m, 12–23 m, 24–34 m). Range of % items from original instrument used in D-score varies by round, but concurrent correlation is ≥0.9 for all collapsed rounds. 32 months was the maximum age in completed months for the test of predictive validity.
Barrera, Barrera Moncada; Bayley-I, II, III, Bayley Scales for Infant and Toddler Development; DDI, Van Wiechenschema, referred to as the Dutch Developmental Instrument; Denver-II, Denver Developmental Screening Test; DQ, Developmental Quotient; D-Score, Developmental Score; Griffiths, Griffiths Mental Development Scales; MDI, Mental Development Index; PDI, Psychomotor Development Index; SB-5, Stanford Binet Intelligence Scales; Tepsi, Test de Desarrollo Psicomotor; Vineland, Vineland Social Maturity Scale.