| Methodological | How do we protect and promote the rights of research participants in humanitarian crises? What ethical guidelines and IRB procedures should be adopted? Should they differ from ethical guidelines in stable settings?38 How should research methodologies be adapted for humanitarian crises? What new methodological approaches are needed for humanitarian research? What are the most effective methodological approaches for evaluating a new health intervention (eg, a new vaccine) in a humanitarian crisis? What is the most effective way to identify the needs of the population affected by a disaster?22
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| Descriptive epidemiology | What are the causes, spreading patterns and risk factors for (a specific disease or health condition) in humanitarian crises? What are the stressors faced by populations in humanitarian settings?25 What is the additional burden of neonatal mortality in different emergency situations (eg, conflict, acute vs protracted, natural disaster)?23 How can public health information systems be better leveraged in humanitarian settings for determination of mortality and morbidity?13 14
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| Discovery | What new health interventions (eg, treatments, vaccines, technologies, etc.) are needed for humanitarian crises? Develop and validate strategies to identify preterm babies at the community level by CHWs and family members.23
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| Intervention research | What are the most effective mental health and psychosocial interventions for conflict-affected children?39 How effective is (a specific evidence-based health intervention) in a humanitarian setting? What are the most effective interventions to reduce childhood morbidity and mortality, and improve well-being after a disaster or in other humanitarian emergencies?22 What are the effects of breast feeding promotion interventions, including integrated breast feeding, on breast feeding rates and duration after a disaster or in other humanitarian emergencies?22
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| Implementation research | How can evidence-based health interventions developed in stable settings best be delivered or implemented in humanitarian crises? What are the most effective ways to culturally adapt existing mental health and psychosocial support interventions for use after a disaster or in other humanitarian emergencies?22
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| Health system research | How can the quality of health services in humanitarian settings be improved and sustained? What attributes favour an adaptive, responsive and resilient healthcare system? What approaches do people affected by humanitarian crises adopt to successfully gain access to health services? How to get the right balance between emergency service delivery and long-term systems strengthening?30 What healthcare delivery models work best in humanitarian contexts? And what kind of actors can best implement such models and deliver the best results?30
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