Description of types of intervention components
| Authors | Target population | Biomedical | Behavioural | Structural |
| Colchero et al41 | MSM | Prevention kits (condoms, lubricants and prevention information) distribution | HIV testing and counselling, peer outreach and education, motivational interviewing and group sessions | Stigma and discrimination workshops for public servants (healthcare providers and police officers) |
| Beattie et al37 | FSW | Condom distribution and 24 hours crisis management | HIV/STI testing and counselling, group reflection workshops and intensive support for FSWs and their partners, development of safety plans, one-on-one session with intimate partners, group reflection sessions for intimate partners, training of intimate partner champions, couple events, couple counselling, training of community-based organisation members, strengthening of crisis management teams | Capacity building workshops for FSW community based organisations to respond to and reduce intimate partner violence (IPV), training prominent local leaders to speak against IPV, leadership building, staging public performances that promote intolerance for IPV, community events |
| Buttolph et al47 | Youth in high-burden settings | Condom distribution, voluntary medical male circumcision, family planning and contraception, PrEP delivered through mobile health events, HIV care and treatment as prevention | HIV testing and counselling | Conditional cash transfers for HIV-negative, in-school females |
| Chiao et al42 | FSW | Regular health examinations at social hygiene clinic, STI services | HIV testing and counselling, peer outreach and education, support with relationships between client and sex worker, sexual negotiation | Manager training on HIV and STI education, relationships between clients and sex workers, sexual negotiation, and social influence role, condom use policy, condom availability at workplace |
| Cowan et al38 | FSW | Condom distribution, STI services, contraception services | HIV testing and counselling, peer outreach and education, legal advice | Strengthening support networks, community mobilisation to raise awareness of the benefits of ART and PrEP, building leadership skills |
| Fatti et al48 | Pregnant and postpartum women | Condom distribution | HIV testing and counselling, individual counselling and education for women and their male partners on alcohol and substance abuse support, mental health referrals and group HIV prevention education | Assessment and counselling and referral for gender-based violence, discussion regarding gender identities and roles, support to access social security grants by patient advocates |
| Firestone et al19 | MSM | STI services | HIV testing and counselling, peer and online outreach and education using integrated behavioural change communication | Referrals to designated service providers for support groups, drug and alcohol treatment, legal support, and violence prevention services; sensitisation training of healthcare providers, media training, and mobilisation of civil society leaders to foster public dialogue on homophobia and discrimination |
| Futterman et al43 | Pregnant women | Standard PMTCT care | Cognitive behavioural intervention by peer mentors | Support network of trained mentor mothers who were coping well who were trained to provide support through pregnancy and in the weeks following delivery |
| Go et al39 | PWID | Condom provision | HIV counselling and testing, partner testing, individual and group counselling on stigma, social support and disclosure, dyad session with ‘person important to me’ | Community-wide video and HIV education sessions delivered by a trained community mobilizer, standard message via loudspeakers and educational pamphlets |
| Kerrigan et al46 | FSW | Condom distribution | HIV counselling and testing, peer outreach and education, texts to promote awareness, solidarity, and adherence | Sensitivity training for healthcare providers, drop-in centre with activities that promote social cohesion and community mobilisation to address stigma, discrimination, violence prevention, and financial insecurity |
| Mergenova et al40 | FSW, PWID | HIV and STI treatment | HIV and STI testing, HIV-risk reduction sessions, financial-literacy training, vocational training | Microfinance and a matched-savings programme, connection to necessary medical, legal and social assistance |
| Ramakrishnan et al49 | FSW | Condom distribution, STI services | HIV testing and counselling, peer outreach and education | Community mobilisation for greater ownership among high risk groups |
| Souverein et al44 | FSW | STI services, condom use demonstration and distribution | HIV and STI testing and treatment, peer educators and outreach, support for alcohol deaddiction and provision of rest place | Saving and credit service, options for alternative and diversified livelihoods, sensitising activities for brothel owners, pimps, and the police; support for group action and a collective of sex worker, provision of relevant legal information |
| USAID36 | MSM, FSW, TG | Condom use and distribution, STI services | HIV testing and counselling, peer educators and outreach, interpersonal communication, group sessions | Strengthening institutional capacity of NGOs serving at risk communities and improving participation of NGOs representing MARPs and PLHIV in the HIV/AIDS national response |
| Wirtz et al45 | MSM | STI services | Peer outreach and education | Training of healthcare providers on risk reduction counselling and equitable service delivery and peer educators to provide epidemiological evidence to support decriminalisation of homosexuality and advocate for great inclusion |
ART, antiretroviral therapy; FSWs, female sex workers; MARP, most at risk population; MSM, men who have sex with men; NGO, non-governmental organisation; PLHIV, people living with HIV; PMTCT, prevention of mother-to-child transmission; PrEP, pre-exposure prophylaxis; PWID, people who inject drugs; STI, sexually transmitted infection; TG, transgender; USAID, United States Agency for International Development.