Provide face-to-face, individual or group-talking therapy (ie, not online or via media or other materials).

Explore and make an explicit link between specific thoughts, emotions, somatic and non-somatic feelings and behaviours.

Seek to positively change a person’s thinking (‘cognitive’) to elicit change in what they do (‘behavioural’).

Facilitate exposure to specific or non-specific reminders, cues or memories related to exposure to a traumatic event.

Support a person to reconstruct a consistent and/or coherent narrative about their traumatic experience either verbally or through writing to aid symptom reduction.

Provide face-to-face talk or body psychotherapy.

Address the intrapsychic and interpersonal impact of humanitarian crises to support improved overall psychological functioning and coping skills.

Support individuals, families and communities by developing and building on existing coping mechanisms to manage the impact of humanitarian crises.

Focus on understanding people’s experience of humanitarian crises within broader social dimensions to facilitate individual and community resilience strategies to mitigate that impact.

Solely provides education on the impact of exposure to humanitarian crises.

Seek to empower people by promoting awareness and manage the impact of that exposure via educational materials and tools.