Table 2

Health facility data quality of reported event data, 2017: extreme outliers, consistency over time and internal consistency between interventions

Country	Extreme outliers for ANC, DPT and OPD			Consistency over time*	Internal consistency between interventions†
Country	% of national values that are outliers‡	% of units with no outliers (last 12 months)‡	% of units with no outliers (last 3 years)§	% of units with consistent time trends	ANC1–DPT1: % difference from expected ratio	DPT1–DPT3: % difference from expected ratio	% of units with good consistency for both indicator pairs
	(a)	(b)	(c)	(d)	(e)	(f)	(g)
Botswana	6	57	75	43	–	–	–
Burundi	5	59	50	43	17	2	47
Eritrea	6	52	65	40	28	7	16
Kenya	3	81	42	37	1	1	57
Lesotho	6	57	34	47	5	14	25
Malawi	10	62	60	40	76	6	35
Mozambique	7	48	–	–	179	11	2
Namibia	8	46	62	23	7	4	37
Rwanda	7	51	77	40	7	0	63
South Sudan	7	53	80	33	67	57	–
Tanzania	6	54	47	43	5	1	38
Uganda	6	58	–	–	8	12	18
Zambia	7	52	37	43	3	6	40
Zimbabwe	5	60	63	37	5	3	5
Median	6	55	61	40	7	6	36
IQR	1	6	22	7	22	9	24

(a) Average percentage of outliers for ANC1, DPT3 and OPD; (b) average percentage for ANC1, DPT3 and OPD; (c) average percentage for ANC1, DPT1 and OPD.
*Good consistency over time defined as modified z-score lower than 1.
†Percentage difference between routinely reported ratio and survey: values were classified as good (<5), different (5–15) or very different (>15).
‡Outliers defined as modified z-score greater than 3.5; units are second-level administrative divisions in each country (district, county, etc).
§Outliers defined as modified z-score greater than 2; units are administrative divisions in each country (district, county, etc).
ANC, antenatal care; DPT, diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus; OPD, outpatient department.