Table 1

Data sources by article and SP study

Authors (Date)	Short title	Setting	Sector	Health service(s) Aassessed	Level: sample size*	Data source descriptions
Daniels et al (2017)	Use of SPs to assess quality of healthcare in Nairobi, Kenya	Urban Kenya	Public and private	Asthma, childhood diarrhoea, tuberculosis (TB), unstable angina	Facility: 166	Nairobi SP data
		Multiple Countries	Public and private	Asthma, childhood diarrhoea, TB, unstable angina	Facility: 2255	SP data for international comparisons
Das et al (2015)21	Use of SPs to assess quality of TB care	Urban India	Private	TB (four cases)	Provider: 250	Validation study for four TB cases
		Urban India	Private	TB (one case)	Provider: 69	Know-do gap for textbook TB case
Das et al (2016 Science)15	The impact of training informal healthcare providers in India	Rural India	Private	Asthma, childhood diarrhoea, TB, unstable angina	Provider: 860	SP data
Das et al (2016 AER)12	Quality and Accountability in Healthcare Delivery	Rural India	Private	Asthma, childhood diarrhoea, TB, unstable angina	Provider: 1109	SP data
		Rural India	Private and Public	Asthma, childhood diarrhoea, TB, unstable angina	Provider: 455	Same providers at public and private locations
Kwan et al (2018)22 and Daniels et al (2019)14	Variations in the quality of TB care in urban India and use of SPs to assess gender differences in quality of TB	Urban India	Private	TB (four cases)	Facility and provider: 2602	Interactions for four cases weighted for representative levels of quality across two cities
		Urban India	Private	TB (one case and variant)	Provider: 101	Interactions for one case to assess effect of diagnostic report
Satyanarayana et al (2016)23	Use of SPs to assess antibiotic dispensing for TB by pharmacies in urban India	Urban India	Private	TB	Pharmacist: 1200	Interactions for two cases weighted for representative levels of quality across three cities
		Urban India	Private	TB (two cases)	Pharmacist: 2593	Medicines for interactions across three cities
Sylvia et al (2015)29	Survey using incognito SPs shows poor quality care in China’s rural clinics	Rural China	Public and private	Asthma, childhood diarrhoea, unstable angina	Lev: 82	SP data
		Rural China	Public and private	TB	Provider: 274	SP data
Sylvia et al (2017)27	TB detection and the challenges of integrated care in rural China	Rural China	Public and private	TB (one case)	Provider: 486	Know-do gap for textbook TB case
Unpublished (n.d.)	Qutub Project, 2014 to present	Urban India	Private	TB (four cases and variants)	Round 1: N=1636 interactions (n=999 with AYUSH, n=637 with allopathic facilities and providers); Round 2: N=2231 interactions	Quality of care surveillance conducted with stratified, random samples of providers

*Number of interactions available for analysis at facility and/or provider level in replication data.
SP, standardised patient.