Type of intervention | Target | Location |
System environment | ||
Clinical governance | National midwifery associations. | Malawi, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Tajikistan and Yemen. |
Quality management national bodies. | Bangladesh, Cambodia, Kenya, Malawi, Yemen and Tanzania. | |
External evaluation and accreditation | Accreditation of health facilities. | Yemen, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Malawi, Tanzania, Tajikistan and Vietnam. |
Training and supervision of workforce | ||
Preservice training | For midwives. | Bangladesh, Cameroon, Malawi, Nepal and Tanzania. |
Inservice training, coaching | For midwives and other skilled birth attendants. | Cambodia, Bangladesh, Malawi, Nepal, Tanzania, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Yemen. |
Mentoring | For EmONC teams or CHWs. | Bangladesh, Cambodia, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Vietnam and Yemen. |
For newborn care providers. | Bangladesh, Cambodia, Malawi, Nepal, Tajikistan and Tanzania. | |
For SRHR health workers. | Cambodia, Guinea, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Malawi, Nepal and Yemen. | |
Supportive supervision | For MNC staff. | Bangladesh, Guinea, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Malawi, Nepal, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Vietnam and Yemen. |
Improvement in clinical care | ||
Clinical standards, pathways and protocols | EmONC guidelines. | Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Vietnam. |
Referral guidelines. | Kenya, Nepal, Tajikistan and Tanzania. | |
Guidelines on newborn care, kangaroo mother care. | Cambodia, Nepal and Tanzania. | |
Collaborative and team-based improvement cycles | 5S-Kaisen-TQM. | Bangladesh, Kenya, Tanzania and Malawi. |
SBM-R. | Nepal. | |
Quality competition. | Burundi, Guinea, Cameroon, Pakistan and Yemen. | |
Morbidity and mortality reviews | Maternal, perinatal death surveillances or audits. | Kenya, Tanzania, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Pakistan. |
Patient, family and community engagement and empowerment | ||
Formalised community engagement | Villages and disabled persons. | Cambodia. |
Religious authorities, media and policy-makers. | Kyrgyzstan. | |
Community health workers. | Yemen and Kenya. | |
Health literacy | Adolescents. | Bangladesh. |
Parents and teachers. | Kyrgyzstan. | |
Students. | Yemen. | |
Peer support/education | Adolescents. | Bangladesh and Nepal. |
Students. | Malawi. |
This table does not exhaustively report country partners’ activities. Examples of interventions are displayed in the table in online supplementary file 2. Two case studies presenting the programmes conducted in Nepal and Cambodia are also attached to this article, in online supplementary files 3 and 4.
CHWs, community health workers; EmONC, emergency obstetrical and newborn care; GIZ, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit; MNC, Maternal, Newborn and Child care; SBM-R, Standards-Based Management and Recognition; 5S-Kaisen-TQM, 5S-Kaisen-Total Quality Management; SRHR, sexual and reproductive health rights.