Characteristics and comorbidities of children admitted to study hospitals with pneumonia
| Characteristic | Age 5–9 years n=1467* | Age 10–14 years n=365* | Total n=1832* |
| Demographic information | |||
| Male | 836/1461 (57.22%) | 185/365 (50.68%) | 1021/1826 (55.91%) |
| Hospitals in high malaria transmission region | 641/1467 (43.69%) | 208/365 (56.99%) | 849/1832 (46.34%) |
| Referred to hospital | 239/1214 (19.69%) | 85/297 (28.62%) | 324/1511 (21.44%) |
| Readmitted to hospital | 232/1232 (18.83%) | 47/296 (15.88%) | 279/1528 (18.26%) |
| Clinical characteristic | |||
| Temperature ≥38°C | 559/1321 (42.32%) | 111/318 (34.91%) | 670/1639 (40.88%) |
| Respiratory rate >30/min | 937/1216 (77.06%) | 191/291 (65.64%) | 1128/1507 (74.85%) |
| Central cyanosis | 24/1418 (1.69%) | 1/353 (0.28%) | 25/1771 (1.41%) |
| Grunting | 232/1394 (16.64%) | 39/348 (11.21%) | 271/1742 (15.56%) |
| Acidotic breathing | 58/1382 (4.2%) | 12/350 (3.43%) | 70/1732 (4.04%) |
| Reduced consciousness | 108/1400 (7.71%) | 23/348 (6.61%) | 131/1748 (7.49%) |
| Cannot eat or drink | 235/1347 (17.45%) | 62/332 (18.67%) | 297/1679 (17.69%) |
| Stridor | 46/1356 (3.39%) | 12/342 (3.51%) | 58/1698 (3.42%) |
| Difficulty breathing | 743/1416 (52.47%) | 159/352 (45.17%) | 902/1768 (51.02%) |
| Wheeze | 189/1396 (13.54%) | 34/350 (9.71%) | 223/1746 (12.77%) |
| Crackles | 504/1387 (36.34%) | 109/351 (31.05%) | 613/1738 (35.27%) |
| Severe pallor | 89/1411 (6.31%) | 26/349 (7.45%) | 115/1760 (6.53%) |
| Mild/moderate pallor | 158/1411 (11.2%) | 67/349 (19.2%) | 225/1760 (12.78%) |
| No pallor | 1164/1411 (82.49%) | 256/349 (73.35%) | 1420/1760 (80.68%) |
| Chest wall indrawing | 609/1400 (43.5%) | 102/349 (29.23%) | 711/1749 (40.65%) |
| Convulsions | 212/1406 (15.08%) | 42/347 (12.1%) | 254/1753 (14.49%) |
| Oxygen saturation <90% | 151/661 (22.84%) | 29/151 (19.21%) | 180/812 (22.17%) |
| Mid-upper arm circumference <115 mm | 41/620 (6.61%) | 6/113 (5.31%) | 47/733 (6.41%) |
| Severe pneumonia | 492/1443 (34.1%) | 96/356 (26.97%) | 588/1799 (32.68%) |
| Comorbidity | |||
| HIV positive | 122/1467 (8.32%) | 60/365 (16.44%) | 182/1832 (9.93%) |
| Malaria diagnosed | 422/1467 (28.77%) | 123/365 (33.7%) | 545/1832 (29.75%) |
| Severe malnutrition | 139/1467 (9.48%) | 38/365 (10.41%) | 177/1832 (9.66%) |
| Sickle cell disease | 41/1467 (2.79%) | 12/365 (3.29%) | 53/1832 (2.89%) |
| Asthma | 160/1467 (10.91%) | 35/365 (9.59%) | 195/1832 (10.64%) |
| Cardiac disease | 15/1467 (1.02%) | 10/365 (2.74%) | 25/1832 (1.36%) |
| Genitourinary disease | 10/1467 (0.68%) | 5/365 (1.37%) | 15/1832 (0.82%) |
| Diabetes | 3/1467 (0.2%) | 1/365 (0.27%) | 4/1832 (0.22%) |
| Neurological disorder | 116/1467 (7.91%) | 18/365 (4.93%) | 134/1832 (7.31%) |
| Sepsis | 8/1467 (0.55%) | 1/365 (0.27%) | 9/1832 (0.49%) |
| Diarrhoea and dehydration | 79/1467 (5.39%) | 25/365 (6.85%) | 104/1832 (5.68%) |
| Acute neurological disorder | 158/1467 (10.77%) | 39/365 (10.68%) | 197/1832 (10.75%) |
*Denominators less than these values indicate missing data.