Meta-analysis stratified by intervention category
| Intervention category* | Number of studies | Baseline prevalence of AMR (95% CI)† | Pooled absolute risk difference (95% CI) |
| Complete restriction | 51 | 0.320 (0.165 to 0.468) | −0.15 (−0.18 to −0.12) |
| Single antibiotic-class restriction | 3 | 0.163 (0.075 to 0.252) | −0.02 (−0.10 to 0.05) |
| Single antibiotic restriction | 7 | 0.405 (0.027 to 0.784) | −0.11 (−0.21 to 0.01) |
| All non-therapeutic use restriction | 33 | 0.322 (0.076 to 0.568) | −0.10 (−0.13 to −0.08) |
| Growth promoter restriction | 19 | 0.492 (0.261 to 0.723) | −0.30 (−0.42 to −0.17) |
| Other/undetermined | 21 | 0.338 (0.082 to 0.593) | −0.09 (−0.13 to −0.06) |
*Meta-regression joint p-value=0.046.
†Pooled proportion of resistance in the comparator group.
AMR, antimicrobial resistance.