Research questions for financing rated for importance
| Financing | Sum | Mean | |
| 1. | What are the barriers to implementing best practice in PHC? | 285 | 3.52 |
| 2. | When resources are limited, where/how is it most cost-effective to use the available funds for the greatest health outcomes in PHC? | 280 | 3.46 |
| 3. | What are the best practices in PHC and how can they be scaled up? | 279 | 3.44 |
| 4. | What are the resources essential to deliver quality PHC services? | 274 | 3.38 |
| 5. | What is the ideal proportion of the total healthcare budget that guarantees the development of quality PHC? | 272 | 3.36 |
| 6. | What is the most appropriate payment system to increase access and availability of quality PHC? | 270 | 3.33 |
| 7. | How much of the PHC budget should be allocated for preventable diseases (eg, NCDs, vaccination, cancer screening)? | 270 | 3.33 |
| 8. | Does everyone have access to quality PHC that he/she needs? | 267 | 3.30 |
| 9. | What effective funding models exist for delivering universal PHC coverage in LMICs? | 266 | 3.28 |
| 10. | What mechanisms have been found to be effective in persuading governments to invest in PHC? | 263 | 3.25 |
| 11. | How do you maintain accountability for safety and/or quality in PHC while scaling up? | 261 | 3.22 |
| 12. | Do accreditation systems (eg, of vocational training, of practices) improve quality of patient care? | 260 | 3.21 |
| 13. | How can the public and private sectors work more collaboratively to improve and integrate PHC coverage and prevent segmentation of the services? | 258 | 3.19 |
| 14. | What percentage of public healthcare spending is dedicated to PHC in different LMIC countries? | 258 | 3.19 |
| 15. | What advances have been made in the last 10 years to improve PHC and quality in the public and private sectors? | 257 | 3.17 |
| 16. | Does the government have policies/legal provisions to insure quality and safety of PHC? | 257 | 3.17 |
| 17. | Does the allocation of resources follow a defined pattern that considers social determinants in health in PHC? | 256 | 3.16 |
| 18. | What incentives and rewards are required to ensure that the PHC private sector contributes to successful comprehensive primary healthcare? | 255 | 3.15 |
| 19. | How do you communicate clearly the risks and benefits of PHC versus other high-cost subspecialty care? | 252 | 3.11 |
| 20. | Are quality measurements currently used to allocate resources in PHC? | 247 | 3.05 |
| 21. | How do PHC facilities clearly communicate their funding needs through a transparent, accountable system? | 246 | 3.04 |
| 22. | What are the appropriate outcomes to assess the effectiveness of different governance models for both the PHC public and private sectors? | 244 | 3.01 |
| 23. | Why, and when, should PHC services be contracted out by ministries of health and will this lead to improvements in quality of care and better management of scarce resources? | 241 | 2.98 |
| 24. | What are the similarities in PHC between the public and private networks in different HIC and LMIC countries? | 236 | 2.91 |
| 25. | What is the role of NGOs in the PHC system? | 235 | 2.90 |
| 26. | How do the PHC public and private sectors learn from each other to improve quality? | 233 | 2.88 |
| 27. | What is the role of the private sector in PHC services? | 232 | 2.86 |
| 28. | How does the quality and safety of the implementation of PHC affect having differences in the budget in the private and public sectors? | 232 | 2.86 |
| 29. | Is the PHC system well funded through taxation (leading to subsidised payments) or via co-payments determined by insurance services? | 230 | 2.84 |
| 30. | How does regulation of the PHC private sector compare with public sector regulation by regulatory bodies? | 225 | 2.78 |
| 31. | Are taxes on products with harmful effects, such as alcohol and tobacco, used to try to increase health system funding? | 216 | 2.67 |
HIC, high-income country; LMICs, low- and middle-income countries; NCDs, noncommunicable diseases; NGOs, non-governmental organisations; PHC, primary healthcare.