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Service delivery model
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| Community-based service delivery by lay and other non-physician health workers |
Nepal (pneumonia)23
Afghanistan (PHC)70
Nepal (female community health volunteer programme)105
India, Nepal (mental health)67
India (maternal, antenatal care)106
Afghanistan, Nepal (maternal, child, reproductive health)45
Jamkhed, India (neonatal/postnatal health)107
West Bengal, India (PHC)108
Goa, India (mental health)109
Pakistan (maternal and reproductive health)50
Indonesia (maternal and neonatal health)49
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Long-term programme development and maintenance Strong integration with national health system, including functional referral system and access to medicines Tailored training package (baseline+refresher) Regular monitoring and supervision Immediate feedback Standardised checklists Community oversight; local ownership Paired male/female CHWs and peer support Maintaining CHW motivation through financial and non-financial incentives (social respect, community standing) Cultural acceptance of CHW
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Outreach and community engagement
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| Community-based behaviour change intervention |
American Samoa (diabetes)38
China (CVD, diabetes)39
Pakistan (immunisation)40
Thailand (diabetes prevention)41
American Samoa (prenatal care)110
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Education sessions with household heads Reminder services Cultural connexion between CHW and patients to enhance trust Participatory design, tailored to needs Offer of free care for uninsured increased demand
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| Community education, awareness raising, campaigns |
Bangladesh (TB)26
Kerala, India (adolescent sexual and reproductive health)111
Nepal (maternal health)43
Cambodia, India, Nepal (TB)44
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Training of health workers in use of national guidelines Targeting mothers, teachers, students, religious and community leaders House-to-house screening Referral to accessible, culturally appropriate clinics Sustained supply of test reagents and pharmaceuticals Consultative, needs-based intervention design
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