Randomisation, blinding and sampling done soundly

Valid measures and instruments

Control versus treatment groups with comparable characteristics, drop-outs not systematically different

Appropriate means of analysis including multiple statistical tests, post hoc or subgroups

Discussion of confounders and how treated

Study design fit-for-purpose—the design matches the research questions being asked and answered

Context described clearly, and attention to effect modification related to intervention

Discussion of interactions or selection biases

Replicated in different settings, populations, long duration or among large sample size (with sufficient power)

Summary of results clear

Clear links between data, interpretation and conclusion

Detailed description of methods and analysis techniques

Quotes and in-depth, rich description

Sample represents diverse views or across populations and contexts, interventions clearly described

Clarity on the assumptions/ theoretical perspectives/ values or positionality of researchers