Association of medical male circumcision status with sexually transmitted infection outcomes among men (n=2850)
| Outcome* | Overall weighted prevalence % (n) | Circumcised weighted prevalence % (n) | Uncircumcised weighted prevalence % (n) | OR (95 CI): circumcised versus uncircumcised | Age-adjusted OR (95% CI): circumcised versus uncircumcised† | aOR (95% CI): circumcised versus uncircumcised‡ |
| HSV-2 | 53.2 (1529) | 36.5 (324) | 60.1 (1205) | 0.38 (0.31to 0.47) | 0.66 (0.50to 0.88) | 0.66 (0.50to 0.86) |
| Syphilis | 1.7 (53) | 1.2 (12) | 1.9 (41) | 0.63 (0.27 to 1.45) | 0.62 (0.27 to 1.41) | 0.65 (0.30 to 1.42) |
| Hepatitis B sAg§ | 5.8 (149) | 3.1 (22) | 6.8 (127) | 0.39 (0.22to 0.68) | 0.49 (0.29to 0.85) | 0.53 (0.30to 0.95) |
| HIV | 32.4 (941) | 16.9 (139) | 38.8 (802) | 0.32 (0.25to 0.41) | 0.51 (0.40to 0.66) | 0.50 (0.38to 0.65) |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | 1.9 (59) | 1.5 (13) | 2 (46) | 0.76 (0.22 to 2.58) | 0.53 (0.15 to 1.86) | 0.54 (0.16 to 1.76) |
| Chlamydia trachomatis | 5.5 (169) | 8.8 (70) | 4.2 (99) | 2.22 (1.46to 3.37) | 1.62 (1.03to 2.54) | 1.56 (1.0to 2.43) |
| Trichomonas vaginalis | 4.6 (145) | 2.7 (24) | 5.4 (121) | 0.49 (0.26to 0.90) | 0.68 (0.36 to 1.26) | 0.83 (0.42 to 1.63) |
| Mycoplasma genitalium | 6.5 (186) | 4 (32) | 7.6 (154) | 0.51 (0.33to 0.81) | 0.50 (0.31to 0.81) | 0.53 (0.32to 0.88) |
Significant associations (p<0.05) are bolded.
*11 men were missing HSV-2 results; 5 men were missing hepatitis B sAg results; 15 men were missing N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis and M. genitalium results; 16 men were missing T. vaginalis results.
†All models controlled for age only.
‡All models controlled for age (continuous variable, transformed if necessary), education (completed secondary education or not), income (household income ≤R6000, household income >R6000 or household income missing), relationship status (married/in a serious relationship or single), condom use (reports always using a condom with most recent partner during sex or not), drinking before sex (an indicator for whether someone never drank before sex or not) and number of lifetime partners (1–2 partners, 3–4 partners, 5–9 partners, 10+ partners and refused to report).
§Excludes individuals under age 20 (n=261 men), as these individuals should have been vaccinated against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the vaccination programme that started in April 1995.
HSV-2, herpes simplex virus type 2; sAg, surface antigen.