Income group | 50-year cumulative health benefits (millions of premature deaths averted) | |||
Tobacco use | Alcohol use | High body mass index | All risk factors | |
Low-income countries | 1.5 (0.69 to 2.1) | 0.46 (0.14 to 0.69) | 0.10 (0.038 to 0.17) | 2.0 (0.86 to 3.0) |
Lower-middle-income countries | 8.3 (2.2 to 14) | 2.8 (1.0 to 3.9) | 0.86 (0.33 to 1.4) | 12 (3.5 to 19) |
Upper-middle-income countries | 4.3 (0.95 to 7.5) | 0.72 (0.12 to 1.6) | 0.53 (0.20 to 0.93) | 5.6 (1.3 to 10) |
High-income countries | 0.82 (0.25 to 1.3) | 0.24 (0.078 to 0.34) | 0.075 (0.028 to 0.13) | 1.1 (0.35 to 1.7) |
Global | 17 (4.6 to 28) | 4.8 (1.6 to 7.4) | 1.8 (0.67 to 3.0) | 24 (6.8 to 39) |
Estimates of premature (under-70) deaths averted, that is, statistical lives saved, are not discounted. Range of values given in parentheses come from the worst-case and best-case scenario analyses. ‘All risk factors’ totals may not add up exactly due to rounding. ‘Global’ totals aggregate the totals from the four income groups divided by 88% (the percentage of the 5–14 world population represented by the 70 countries).