Summary of publication and programme characteristics
| Category | Characteristic | Description | No. and percentage of publications |
| Publication characteristics (N=55) | Type of publication | Empirical research | 18 (33%) |
| Commentary | 37 (67%) | ||
| First author affiliation | HIC | 36 (66%) | |
| U-MIC | 4 (7%) | ||
| L-MIC | 6 (11%) | ||
| LIC | 9 (16%) | ||
| Last author affiliation | HIC | 38 (69%) | |
| U-MIC | 10 (18%) | ||
| L-MIC | 3 (6%) | ||
| LIC | 4 (7%) | ||
| Programme/ consortium characteristics (N=51) | Geographical focus* | Africa | 37 (73%) |
| Asia | 12 (24%) | ||
| Latin America and the Caribbean | 7 (14%) | ||
| Pacific | 1 (2%) | ||
| Consortium leadership | HIC | 32 (63%) | |
| U-MIC | 2 (4%) | ||
| L-MIC | 3 (6%) | ||
| LIC | 2 (4%) | ||
| Led by both L-MIC and LIC partners | 2 (4%) | ||
| Not indicated | 10 (19%) | ||
| Capacity strengthening focus | Dedicated RCS initiatives | 23 (45%) | |
| Embedded RCS initiatives | 28 (55%) | ||
| Subject focus | Disease or discipline focus | 38 (74%) | |
| Generic | 11 (22%) | ||
| Not indicated | 2 (4%) | ||
| Main activities* | Training individuals | 40 (78%) | |
| Collaborative research | 25 (49%) | ||
| Institutional capacity enhancement | 11 (22%) | ||
| Developing collaborations | 9 (18%) | ||
| Knowledge translation | 9 (18%) | ||
| Infrastructure enhancement | 4 (8%) |
*Some programmes combined two or more categories.
HIC, high-income country; LIC, low-income country; L-MIC, lower middle-income country; RCS, research capacity strengthening; U-MIC, upper middle-income country.