Table 1

Infant and maternal demographics by study group

Control (n=300)Intervention (n=300)Total (N=600)
Infant demographics
 Female, n (%)137 (47.4)152 (52.6)289 (48.2)
 Birth weight, g, mean (SD)3081.0 (505.5)3118.7 (463.1)3099.8 (484.7)
 Gestational age, weeks, median (IQR)38 (37–38)38 (37–38)38 (37–38)
Maternal demographics
 Age, years, mean (SD)30 (5)30 (5)30 (5)
 Married, n (%)292 (97)297 (99)589 (98)
 Maternal education†
  • University

163 (54.3)183 (61.0)346 (57.7)
  • Secondary

123 (41.0)109 (36.3)232 (38.7)
  • Primary

14 (4.7)7 (2.3)21 (3.5)
  • No education

0 (0.0)1 (0.3)1 (0.2)
Maternal profession, n (%)*
  • Professional, top civil servant, politician or businesswoman

116 (38.7)110 (37.0)226 (37.9)
  • Middle bureaucrats, technicians, skilled artisans, well-to-do trader

70 (23.3)75 (25.3)145 (24.3)
  • Unskilled worker

60 (20.0)56 (18.9)116 (19.4)
  • Housewife, unemployed

54 (18.0)56 (18.9)110 (18.4)
 Christian, n (%)279 (93.0)280 (93.3)559 (93.2)
 No of children age ≤5, n (%)
  • 1

149 (50.5)164 (54.8)313 (52.7)
  • 2

108 (36.6)111 (37.1)219 (36.9)
  • 3

38 (12.9)24 (8.0)62 (10.4)
Maternal access to health facility and health information n (%)
 Mother can drive40 (13)48 (16)88 (15)
 Mother owns car25 (8)37 (12)62 (10)
 Transportation to hospital n (%)
  • Walk

13 (4.3)8 (2.7)21 (3.5)
  • Public transportation

239 (79.7)237 (79.0)476 (79.3)
  • Personal car

48 (16.0)55 (18.3)103 (17.2)
 Average cost of transportation to immunisation clinic (US$), median (IQR)0.6 (0.4–0.9)0.6 (0.4–0.9)0.6 (0.4–0.9)
 Average time to the hospital (min), median (IQR)20 (12.5–30)20 (10–25)20 (10–25)
 Report viewing or hearing advertisements about immunisations, n (%)
 Most times (at least twice a week)152 (50.8)165 (55.0)317 (52.9)
 Sometimes (at least twice a month/<twice a week)118 (39.5)111 (37.0)229 (38.2)
 Never29 (9.7)24 (8.0)53 (8.8)
Mother's knowledge about and attitude towards immunisations, n (%)
 Agree, immunisations prevent disease (agree)295 (98.3)296 (98.7)591 (98.5)
 Agree, immunisation prevents diseases that can lead to death245 (81.7)247 (82.3)492 (82.0)
 Disagree, immunisations harmful to child292 (97.3)290 (97.0)582 (97.2)
 Knew immunisations are completed within 1 year of life245 (82.2)251 (83.7)496 (82.9)
 Able to name two diseases immunisation prevents170 (56.7)184 (61.3)354 (59.0)
Mother's health and health-seeking behaviours, n (%)
 Rates health as good295 (98.3)290 (96.7)585 (97.5)
 Attended antenatal care298 (99.7)296 (98.7)594 (99.2)
 Received antimalaria prophylaxis262 (87.3)259 (86.3)521 (86.8)
 Received prenatal vitamin237 (80.1)227 (76.9)464 (78.5)
Household sociodemographic construct
 Father’s age, years, mean (SD)36.3 (5.79)36.1 (5.67)36.2 (5.73)
 Father’s education† n (%)
  • University

194 (64.9)192 (64.0)386 (64.4)
  • Secondary

100 (33.4)102 (34.0)202 (33.7)
  • Primary

4 (1.3)5 (1.7)9 (1.5)
  • No school

1 (0.3)1 (0.3)2 (0.3)
 Domestic help present, n (%)45 (15.1)45 (15.1)90 (15.1)
 Family member at home to help, n (%)216 (72.0)220 (73.8)436 (72.9)
 Father’s perception of immunisation positive, n (%)297 (99.7)299 (99.7)596 (99.7)
 Extended family perception of immunisation positive, n (%)273 (91.3)267 (89.0)540 (90.2)
 Has someone to bring child for immunisation if mother cannot, n (%)92 (30.8)98 (32.9)190 (31.8)
 Has someone to watch over other child while at immunisation visit, n (%)158 (68.4)163 (70.9)321 (69.6)
  • *A director or manager of a government entity is an example of a top civil servant, while a clerk, typist or cashier is an example of a middle bureaucrat.

  • †Educational level indicates having some or completed the level of education.