Existing ECD practices
| Subtheme | Concept | Quotes |
| A. Caregivers engaging in stimulating, interactive activities | Talk | Often when you are with your baby [and] you are alone, you talk to him, you tell him ‘Ah, you have to nurse quickly because I have to get up to make the meal, papa is going to come eat!’ …Or you can ask [your baby] ‘What are we making today?’ The child cannot respond but you talk to him [anyways]. (Mother, 43 years, 6 children, P4:FGD1A) |
| Play | We had a string and the children jumped to go to the other side [of the string] and we counted the jumps…Then I asked the child, ‘…That makes how many jumps for you?’ (Mother, 38 years, 5 children, P3:FGD1A) In the past when we play[ed] with our children we didn’t look for games but we had types of games that we played with children for their intelligence…if you don’t have work or their mothers are in the kitchen…you make them sit down…and you take a rock…and…you choose one of [the children]…and you put the rock in their hand and you ask one of them to guess where the rock is. All of those are our traditional games that we do to help [our] grandchildren. (Grandmother, 60 years, 3 children, P1:FGD3B) | |
| B. Learning through instruction/ nature of existing interactions and activities | Talk | …we didn’t [talk to children] in a special way [like you explained]. But we say to a child, for example, ‘Your nose is running, go blow your nose.’ (Grandmother, 47 years, 5 children, P7:FGD3A) From time to time we talk with our babies. For example, ‘Baby come, come towards Mama.’ (Father, 46 years, 7 children, P1:FGD2A) |
| Play | We played with our children, but we didn’t have that [intention] in mind, but since you came to talk with us, that enlightened us, it allowed us to pay attention to what we are doing. But before we didn’t realize, we just did it, but now you see that the work is good. (Mother, 27 years, 3 children, P1:FGD5B) You flatter the child if he is crying. You look for something, like an object, to give him and he plays with it. (Father, age unknown, FGD2A) |
ECD, early childhood development; FGD, focus group discussion.