Application of key IR principles to IRDS health studies for large-scale impact in LMICs
| Management and financing arrangements: real world conditions | N=791 n (%) |
| Implementation led by usual implementing agencies | |
| Yes | 344 (43.5) |
| No | 249 (31.5) |
| Not described | 198 (25.0) |
| No additional funding (apart from usual budget) or plans for sustaining any additional funding provided | |
| Yes | 206 (26.0) |
| No (additional funding provided) | 361 (45.6) |
| Not described | 225 (28.4) |
| No additional management support or plans for sustaining any additional management provided | |
| Yes | 215 (27.2) |
| No (additional management support provided) | 365 (46.1) |
| Not described | 211 (26.7) |
| Measurement of implementation | |
| Included implementation outcome variables (eg, fidelity, acceptability, coverage) | 426 (53.9) |
| Included effectiveness outcome variables (eg, morbidity and mortality) | 395 (49.9) |
| Included both effectiveness and implementation outcome variables | 200 (24.9) |
| Measured change in implementation outcome variables | 79 (10.0) |
| Multistakeholder collaboration in IRDS studies | |
| Academics, implementers/CSO, Govt./policy-makers and donors | 17 (2.2) |
| Academics, implementers/CSO and Govt./policy-makers | 130 (16.4) |
| Academics and Implementers/CSO | 411 (51.9) |
| Academics and Govt./Policy-makers | 176 (22.2) |
| Academics and donors | 60 (7.6) |
Source: Authors’ literature review.
CSO, civil society organisations; IR, implementation research; LMICs, low-income and middle-income countries.