Diagnostics infrastructure comparison
| Test type | Infrastructure requirements | Training requirements | Turnaround time | Inhouse or prototype | Commercial source | Target population |
| Virus isolation, neutralisation | High (BSL-4) (reference laboratory) | High (advanced lab technician) | 3–7 days | Several | – | Human, animal |
| NAAT reference (including multiplex) | High (BSL-3/4) (regional lab, reference laboratory) | High to moderate (advanced lab technician) | 2.5 hours 1–2 hours prep | >10 | >5 | Human, animal, ticks |
| NAAT POC | Moderate/BSL-2 (district hospital) | Moderate (laboratory technician) | 1–2 hours | 1 | – | Human, ticks, culture |
| ELISA, IFA | High to moderate (regional lab, district hospital) | Moderate (laboratory technician) | 3–4 hours | >10 | 6 | Human, animal, culture |
| RDTs | Low (clinic, health centre, field settings) | Low (nurse, healthcare worker) | <30 min | – | – | – |
BSL, biosafety containment level; IFA, immunofluorescence assay; NAAT, nucleic acid amplification test; POC, point of care; RDT, rapid diagnostic test.