Household characteristics stratified by sex and working status of the household head (n=1902)
| Full sample | Male-headed | Female-headed | P value | Working head | Non-working head | P value | ||||||
| Total, n | 1902 | 1349 | 553 | 863 | 1039 | |||||||
| Socioeconomic characteristics | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Age of household head, years | 42.8 | 10.3 | 43.2 | 10.4 | 41.8 | 10.2 | <0.001 | 38.8 | 9.3 | 46.1 | 10.0 | <0.001 |
| Household size | 6.7 | 2.6 | 7.1 | 2.6 | 5.7 | 2.4 | <0.001 | 6.4 | 2.5 | 6.9 | 2.7 | <0.001 |
| Number of children | 3.9 | 1.9 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 3.6 | 1.9 | <0.001 | 3.8 | 1.9 | 3.9 | 2.0 | 0.2065 |
| Number of working children | 2.4 | 1.3 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 0.3047 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 0.1484 |
| Monthly household income per capita, US$ | 50.7 | 43.6 | 48.3 | 44.1 | 56.3 | 41.9 | <0.001 | 68.5 | 50.0 | 35.9 | 30.4 | <0.001 |
| Monthly household expenditure per capita, US$ | 119.7 | 210.6 | 110.5 | 86.5 | 142.3 | 365.8 | <0.01 | 122.8 | 186.6 | 117.1 | 228.8 | 0.558 |
| N | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
| Housing problems index | ||||||||||||
| Low levels of housing problems (<7) | 329 | 17.3 | 230 | 17.0 | 99 | 17.9 | 0.903 | 174 | 20.2 | 155 | 14.9 | <0.01 |
| Medium levels of housing problems (7–8) | 754 | 39.6 | 537 | 39.8 | 217 | 39.2 | 347 | 40.2 | 407 | 39.2 | ||
| High levels of housing problems (>8) | 819 | 43.1 | 582 | 43.1 | 237 | 42.9 | 342 | 39.6 | 477 | 45.9 | ||
| Infrastructure problems index | ||||||||||||
| Low levels of infrastructure problems (<4) | 201 | 10.6 | 154 | 11.4 | 47 | 8.5 | <0.01 | 90 | 10.4 | 111 | 10.7 | 0.905 |
| Medium levels of infrastructure problems (4–6) | 764 | 40.2 | 571 | 42.3 | 193 | 34.9 | 343 | 39.7 | 421 | 40.5 | ||
| High levels of infrastructure problems (>6) | 937 | 49.3 | 624 | 46.3 | 313 | 56.6 | 430 | 49.8 | 507 | 48.8 | ||
| Assets index | ||||||||||||
| First quartile (poorest) | 455 | 23.9 | 263 | 19.5 | 192 | 34.7 | <0.001 | 240 | 27.8 | 215 | 20.7 | <0.001 |
| Second quartile | 467 | 24.6 | 320 | 23.7 | 147 | 26.6 | 179 | 20.7 | 288 | 27.7 | ||
| Third quartile | 483 | 25.4 | 350 | 25.9 | 133 | 24.1 | 215 | 24.9 | 268 | 25.8 | ||
| Fourth quartile (richest) | 497 | 26.1 | 416 | 30.8 | 81 | 14.6 | 229 | 26.5 | 268 | 25.8 | ||
| Reduced Coping Strategy Index (RCSI) | ||||||||||||
| No or low reduced coping (RCSI 0–3) | 157 | 8.3 | 116 | 8.6 | 41 | 7.4 | 0.183 | 94 | 10.9 | 63 | 6.1 | <0.001 |
| Medium reduced coping (RCSI 4–9) | 288 | 15.1 | 215 | 15.9 | 73 | 13.2 | 140 | 16.2 | 148 | 14.2 | ||
| High reduced coping (RCSI ≥10) | 1457 | 76.6 | 1018 | 75.5 | 439 | 79.4 | 629 | 72.9 | 828 | 79.7 | ||
| Livelihood Coping Strategy Index (LCSI) | ||||||||||||
| Household not adopting coping strategies (LCSI 1) | 24 | 1.3 | 22 | 1.6 | 2 | 0.4 | 0.062 | 18 | 2.1 | 6 | 0.6 | <0.01 |
| Stress coping strategies (LCSI 2) | 87 | 4.6 | 57 | 4.2 | 30 | 5.4 | 50 | 5.8 | 37 | 3.6 | ||
| Crisis coping strategies (LCSI 3) | 1066 | 56.0 | 746 | 55.3 | 320 | 57.9 | 466 | 54.0 | 600 | 57.7 | ||
| Emergency coping strategies (LCSI 4) | 725 | 38.1 | 524 | 38.8 | 201 | 36.3 | 329 | 38.1 | 396 | 38.1 | ||