Diagnostic capacity vs setting
| Test type | Infrastructure requirements (example) | Training requirements (example) | Test process time | NiV target population | Number of NiV in-house or LDTs* | Number of NiV commercial tests* |
| Virus isolation, neutralisation | HIGH/BSL-4 (reference laboratory) | HIGH (advanced laboratory technician) | 5 days for cell culture | Human, animal | >3 | 0 |
| NAAT | HIGH (reference laboratory) | HIGH (advanced laboratory technician) | 2–3 hours (1–2 hours preparation) | Human, animal | >5 | 3 |
| NAAT POC | MODERATE (district hospital) | MODERATE (laboratory technician) | 1–2 hours | Human, animal | 0 | 0 |
| ELISA, IFA | HIGH to MODERATE (regional laboratory, district hospital) | MODERATE (laboratory technician) | 3–4 hours | Human, animal | >5 | 1 (reagents only) |
| RDTs | LOW (clinic, health centre, field settings) | LOW (nurse, healthcare worker) | <30 min | Human, animal | 0 | 0 |
*In-house and LDTs described in sections below; commercial sources listed in online supplementary table S1.
BSL, biosafety level; IFA, immunofluorescence assay; LDT, laboratory-developed test; NAAT, nucleic acid amplification test; NiV, Nipah virus; POC, point of care; RDT, rapid diagnostic test.