Participant characteristics
| Characteristic | Stage A | Stage B | Stage C | Stage D | |||||
| FGD1 (n=6) | FGD2 (n=9) | Theoretical usability study and baseline SUS (n=13) | Clinical usability study (n=31) | FGD3 (n=9) | FGD4 (n=4) | SUS* (n=13) | PQI† (n=13) | ||
| Gender, female (n (%)) | 3 (50) | 7 (78) | 11 (84) | 22 (73) | 6 (67) | 4 (100) | 9 (64) | 10 (77) | |
| Age, years (mean (range)) | 34 (26–51) | 35 (25–65) | 34 (24–65) | 30 (19–65) | 23 (19–28) | 43 (28–65) | 23 (19–27) | 29 (19–65) | |
| Cadre (%) | NMT | 33 | 44 | 61 | 24 | 0 | 75 | 0 | 23 |
| Nursing officer | 0 | 0 | 15 | 18 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 8 | |
| Nurse | 0 | 11 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Student-nurse | 0 | 0 | 15 | 53 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 69 | |
| Clinical officer‡ | 67 | 44 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Years of neonatal experience (mean (range)) | 13.5 (1–19) | 4 (1–8) | 2.5 (0–8) | 1 (0–8) | 0 | 4.5 (1–8) | 0 | 1.4 (0–8) | |
| Previously used a tablet device (n (%)) | 2 (33) | 4 (44) | 3 (23) | 15(50) | 8 (89) | 1 (25) | 3 (23) | 9 (69) | |
| Regularly used a tablet device (n (%)) | 1 (16) | 2 (22) | 2 (15) | 4 (13) | 2 (22) | 1 (25) | 2 (15) | 3 (23) | |
| Received COIN training (n (%)) | 4 (66) | 7 (78) | 6 (46) | 5 (16) | 0 (0) | 2 (50) | 0 (0) | 2 (15) | |
| Received HBB training (n (%)) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (15) | 22 (71) | 8 (89) | 1 (25) | 13 (100) | 9 (69) | |
| Total NTs completed (mean (range)) | NA | NA | 1 (1–1) | 4 (1–12) | 3.5 (1–11) | 7.3 (5–11) | 3.5 (1–11) | 4.7 (1–11) | |
*The 13 participants completing end-line SUS included eight students from FGD3 and five other students from the ward study who could not attend the FGDs.
†Participants who attended FGD3 and FGD4 also completed the PQI survey.
‡Clinical officer is a clinician who has received 4 years of medical training: 2 years theoretical, 2 years clinical.
COIN, Care of the Infant and Newborn; FGD, focus group discussion; HBB, Helping Babies Breathe; NA, not applicable; NMT, nurse midwife technician; NT, NeoTree; PQI, Perceived Quality Improvement; SUS, System Usability Scale.