Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with acute coronary syndrome in the Arabian Gulf stratified by education status: findings from Gulf Coast registry
| Characteristic, n (%) unless specified otherwise | All (N=3874) | Educated | P value | |
| No (n=1835) | Yes (n=2039) | |||
| Demographic | ||||
| Age, mean±SD, years | 60±13 | 66±10 | 54±12 | <0.001 |
| Male gender | 2579 (67) | 898 (49) | 1681 (82) | <0.001 |
| Employed | 1117 (29) | 114 (6.2) | 1003 (49) | <0.001 |
| Married | 3281 (85) | 1418 (77) | 1863 (91) | <0.001 |
| BMI, mean±SD, kg/m2 | 29.1±9.0 | 28.7±9.6 | 29.5±8.4 | 0.005 |
| Smoking (current or prior) | 1537 (40) | 430 (23) | 1107 (54) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol | 121 (3.1) | 28 (1.5) | 93 (4.6) | <0.001 |
| Medical history | ||||
| Prior MI | 1007 (26) | 523 (29) | 484 (24) | 0.001 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 2189 (57) | 1057 (58) | 1132 (56) | 0.191 |
| Premature CAD | 597 (15) | 147 (8.0) | 450 (22) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 2510 (65) | 1344 (73) | 1166 (57) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2071 (53) | 1051 (57) | 1020 (50) | <0.001 |
| Stroke/TIA | 266 (6.9) | 171 (9.3) | 95 (4.7) | <0.001 |
| Clinical (parameters) at presentation | ||||
| HR, mean±SD, bpm | 85±21 | 86±21 | 84±20 | <0.001 |
| SBP, mean±SD, mm Hg | 142±27 | 144±27 | 141±27 | <0.001 |
| DBP, mean±SD, mm Hg | 81±16 | 80±16 | 82±16 | <0.001 |
| Crea, p50 (IQR), µmol/L | 82 (66–104) | 84 (66–114) | 81 (68–98) | <0.001 |
| LVEF, mean±SD, % | 49±13 | 48±13 | 50±13 | <0.001 |
| GRACE risk, mean±SD | 126±40 | 139±39 | 114±37 | <0.001 |
| Killip class | <0.001 | |||
| I: no heart failure | 3099 (80) | 1340 (73) | 1759 (86) | |
| II: rales | 493 (13) | 307 (17) | 186 (9.1) | |
| III: pulmonary oedema | 260 (6.7) | 174 (9.5) | 86 (4.2) | |
| IV: cardiogenic shock | 22 (0.6) | 14 (0.8) | 8 (0.4) | |
| Discharged diagnosis | <0.001 | |||
| LBBB MI | 30 (0.8) | 20 (1.1) | 10 (0.5) | |
| NSTEMI | 1820 (47) | 1022 (56) | 798 (39) | |
| STEMI | 928 (24) | 341 (19) | 587 (29) | |
| Unstable angina | 1094 (28) | 452 (25) | 642 (32) | |
BMI was missing in 35 subjects, HR in 2 subjects, SBP in 3 subjects, DBP in 3 subjects, creatinine in 19 subjects, LVEF was missing in 1335 subjects, GRACE in 21 subjects and 2 subjects in discharged diagnosis.
Percentages might not add up to 100% due to rounding off.
BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; Crea, first serum creatinine; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; LBBB, left bundle branch block; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LBBB MI, myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non-ST myocardial infarction; SBP, systolic blood pressure; STEMI, ST myocardial infarction; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; bpm, beats per minute; p50, median.