Multivariate models of factors associated with men trying to help when they see/hear IPV in their communities
| Control communities | SASA! communities | ||||||
| Model 1 OR* (95% CI) | Model 2 OR* (95% CI) | Model 3 OR* (95% CI) | Model 1 OR* (95% CI) | Model 2 OR* (95% CI) | Model 3 OR* (95% CI) | Model 4 OR* (95% CI) | |
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age (years) | |||||||
| 18–24 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 25–34 | 1.68 (0.93 to 3.03) | 1.68 (0.93 to 3.04) | 1.47 (0.77 to 2.86) | 1.66 (0.94 to 2.93) | 1.72 (0.99 to 2.99) | 1.31 (0.72 to 2.37) | 1.37 (0.72 to 2.61) |
| 35–49 | 1.19 (0.54 to 2.61) | 1.20 (0.55 to 2.62) | 1.00 (0.42 to 2.37) | 1.63 (0.62 to 4.32) | 1.72 (0.65 to 4.51) | 0.99 (0.38 to 2.62) | 1.05 (0.38 to 2.87) |
| Relationship duration | |||||||
| Not in relationship | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 0–3 years | 2.18 (1.32 to 3.59) | 2.22 (1.34 to 3.67) | 1.75 (0.92 to 3.32) | 1.51 (0.90 to 2.54) | 1.47 (0.86 to 2.51) | 1.57 (0.80 to 3.10) | 1.38 (0.74 to 2.58) |
| >3 years | 3.30 (1.74 to 6.26) | 3.31 (1.73 to 6.35) | 2.80 (1.31 to 5.98) | 2.24 (1.47 to 3.42) | 2.11 (1.38 to 3.24) | 2.39 (1.23 to 4.67) | 1.88 (0.99 to 3.54) |
| Currently employed | |||||||
| No | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes | 1.39 (0.63 to 3.07) | 1.38 (0.61 to 3.08) | 1.43 (0.60 to 3.38) | 0.53 (0.28 to 0.98) | 0.54 (0.29 to 1.01) | 0.58 (0.26 to 1.29) | 0.56 (0.26 to 1.18) |
| Childhood experiences of abuse | |||||||
| Any abuse-related experience as a child (witnessed IPV, badly beaten or CSA) | |||||||
| No | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Yes | 0.75 (0.50 to 1.12) | 0.77 (0.50 to 1.18) | 1.56 (0.95 to 2.57) | 1.22 (0.77 to 1.94) | 1.29 (0.80 to 2.09) | ||
| Ties to community | |||||||
| How long lived in the community (years) | |||||||
| 1–3 | – | – | – | ||||
| ≥4 | 1.26 (0.67 to 2.36) | 1.45 (0.87 to 2.42) | 1.44 (0.85 to 2.43) | ||||
| How often talk to neighbours | |||||||
| Never/less than once a week | – | – | – | ||||
| Once a week | 2.07 (0.72 to 5.96) | 0.87 (0.36 to 2.09) | 0.81 (0.33 to 2.01) | ||||
| Daily | 2.21 (0.87 to 5.62) | 1.39 (0.76 to 2.53) | 1.10 (0.58 to 2.07) | ||||
| Adult experiences of violence | |||||||
| Ever perpetrated physical/sexual IPV | |||||||
| No | – | – | – | ||||
| Yes | 1.32 (0.85 to 2.05) | 2.15 (1.28 to 3.62) | 2.27 (1.37 to 3.75) | ||||
| Attitudes | |||||||
| Attitudes supportive of wife-beating | |||||||
| No | – | – | – | ||||
| Yes | 0.68 (0.34 to 1.36) | 0.83 (0.38 to 1.80) | 0.89 (0.39 to 2.01) | ||||
| Believes okay for a woman to tell if experiencing IPV | |||||||
| No | – | – | – | ||||
| Yes | 1.92 (1.28 to 2.89) | 2.71 (1.29 to 5.70) | 2.26 (0.95 to 5.40) | ||||
| SASA! exposure | |||||||
| Reported exposure to SASA! | |||||||
| None | – | ||||||
| Low/moderate | 3.29 (1.51 to 7.16) | ||||||
| High | 5.83 (2.49 to 13.64) | ||||||
*Adjusted for community as a fixed effect. SE calculated using cluster robust option.
CSA, child sexual abuse; IPV, intimate partner violence.