Logistic regression models to investigate the association between health aid and utilisation (n=2118)
| Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| Advice or treatment | Heel/Finger stick | Receiving ACT | Any malaria services | |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Health aid (project count) | 0.957 (0.900 to 1.018) | 0.967 (0.882 to 1.060) | 1.001(0.933 to 1.073) | 0·976 (0.920 to 1.035) |
| Night-time lights | 0·989 (0.848 to 1.152) | 1·029 (0.828 to 1.277) | 1·092 (0.904 to 1.319) | 0·974 (0.838 to 1.132) |
| Population | 1.000** (1.000 to 1.000) | 1·000** (1.000–1.000) | 1.000 (1.000 to 1.000) | 1·000** (1.000 to 1.000) |
| Area (square km) | 1.009** (1.001 to 1.017) | 1.016*** (1.005 to 1.028) | 1.008 (0.998 to 1.019) | 1.007* (0.999 to 1.015) |
| Mother’s education | ||||
| Primary | 1.255 (0.890 to 1.771) | 1.555 (0.894 to 2.704) | 1.239 (0.824 to 1.865) | 1.294 (0.923 to 1.813) |
| Secondary | 1.531* (0·978 to 2·395) | 2.043** (1.041 to 4.012) | 1.509 (0.873 to 2.610) | 1.558** (1.004 to 2.417) |
| Higher | 0.834 (0.180 to 3.871) | 2.406 (0.478 to 12.097) | 0.941 (0.116 to 7.618) | 0.829 (0.179 to 3.841) |
| Age of mother | 1·004 (0·985 to 1·023) | 0·996 (0·968 to 1·025) | 1·004 (0·981 to 1·028) | 0·996 (0·978 to 1·015) |
| Age of child | 0.892** (0.817 to 0.974) | 0.890* (0.783 to 1.012) | 0.968 (0.871 to 1.075) | 0.904**(0.829 to 0.984) |
| Distance from nearest Health Facility | 0.957 (0.906 to 1.010) | 0.921* (0.845 to 1.003) | 0.953 (0.892 to 1.017) | 0.957 (0.907 to 1.009) |
| Wealth Index | ||||
| Poorer | 1.304 (0.889 to 1.911) | 1.062 (0.612 to 1.844) | 0.961 (0.620 to 1.488) | 1.280 (0.883 to 1.854) |
| Middle | 0.982 (0.658 to 1.465) | 0.704 (0.386 to 1.287) | 0.666* (0.414 to 1.071) | 0.961 (0.652 to 1.416) |
| Richer | 1.135 (0.764 to 1.685) | 0.778 (0.435 to 1.392) | 0.939 (0.599 to 1.471) | 1.129 (0.769 to 1.658) |
| Richest | 1.095 (0.688 to 1.741) | 0.795 (0.414 to 1.526) | 0.695 (0.393 to 1.229) | 1.081 (0.687 to 1.702) |
| Geographic classification | ||||
| Rural | 1.002 (0.668 to 1.502) | 0.694 (0.401 to 1.200) | 1.442 (0.858 to 2.425) | 1.136 (0.761 to 1.697) |
| Malaria Ecology Index | 2.589*** (1.577 to 4.248) | 2.273** (1.112 to 4.646) | 2.074** (1.139 to 3.775) | 2.496*** (1.535 to 4.056) |
| Constant | 0.062*** (0.021 to 0.177) | 0.024*** (0.005 to 0.113) | 0.037*** (0.010 to 0.134) | 0.077*** (0.027 to 0.215) |
Reference group includes no education, poorest and urban geographic location.
****P<0.01, **P<0.05, *P<0.1.
ACT, artemisinin-based combination no education, poorest and urban geographic location.