Indicator estimates at each survey | Percent change over time between surveys | |||||||||||||||||||
Survey 1 | Survey 2 | Survey 3 | S1–S2 | S2–S3 | S1–S3 | Pattern of change | ||||||||||||||
Region | Country | <16 | <18 | <20 | <16 | <18 | <20 | <16 | <18 | <20 | <16 | <18 | <20 | <16 | <18 | <20 | <16 | <18 | <20 | (detail in table 6) |
Latin America | Colombia | 1.5% | 6.9% | 17.2% | 2.6% | 10.3% | 21.6% | 2.9% | 11.1% | 22.9% | 75.4% | 48.7% | 25.7% | 9.7% | 8.0% | 6.1% | 92.3% | 60.6% | 33.3% | 4 |
Dominican Republic | 1.8% | 8.8% | 20.0% | 3.2% | 11.7% | 24.1% | 2.9% | 12.3% | 23.5% | 75.6% | 32.4% | 20.7% | −10.2% | 5.1% | −2.6% | 57.7% | 39.2% | 17.6% | 6 | |
Haiti | 1.3% | 5.4% | 13.3% | 1.4% | 6.3% | 14.6% | 1.4% | 6.4% | 14.9% | 12.2% | 16.7% | 10.0% | −1.6% | 1.3% | 1.7% | 10.4% | 18.2% | 11.9% | 7 | |
Peru | 1.0% | 5.5% | 14.2% | 1.2% | 5.9% | 14.4% | 1.4% | 6.5% | 15.0% | 14.3% | 7.7% | 1.7% | 21.1% | 9.4% | 4.0% | 38.4% | 17.9% | 5.8% | 7 | |
Middle East | Egypt | 1.2% | 5.1% | 13.1% | 0.8% | 4.0% | 11.9% | 0.4% | 2.7% | 10.4% | −30.8% | −20.7% | −9.3% | −44.5% | −32.7% | −12.1% | −61.6% | −46.6% | −20.3% | 1 |
Jordan | 0.3% | 3.1% | 10.0% | 0.1% | 2.0% | 7.2% | 0.1% | 1.6% | 6.0% | −55.8% | −35.5% | −28.1% | −15.1% | −22.3% | −16.1% | −62.5% | −49.8% | −39.7% | 1 | |
South/ Southeast Asia | Bangladesh | 5.9% | 16.4% | 29.4% | 7.6% | 19.6% | 34.0% | 6.3% | 17.7% | 33.1% | 28.3% | 19.6% | 15.8% | −17.4% | −9.6% | −2.7% | 6.0% | 8.2% | 12.7% | 7 |
Indonesia | 1.9% | 7.4% | 17.8% | 1.3% | 5.2% | 13.6% | 0.5% | 2.8% | 9.5% | −31.5% | −29.8% | −23.6% | −63.1% | −46.0% | −30.3% | −74.7% | −62.1% | −46.8% | 1 | |
Nepal | 1.4% | 7.9% | 19.8% | 1.1% | 7.5% | 19.2% | 1.4% | 8.3% | 21.9% | −25.5% | −4.1% | −2.9% | 27.7% | 10.4% | 14.1% | −4.8% | 5.9% | 10.8% | 5 | |
Pakistan | 1.8% | 6.3% | 15.0% | 0.9% | 4.2% | 11.6% | 0.6% | 3.3% | 10.1% | −47.2% | −32.7% | −22.8% | −38.5% | −22.6% | −12.5% | −67.5% | −47.9% | −32.5% | 1 | |
Philippines | 0.4% | 2.7% | 8.9% | 0.4% | 2.5% | 8.9% | 0.6% | 3.8% | 11.4% | −2.7% | −10.0% | 0.3% | 61.7% | 55.3% | 27.7% | 57.3% | 39.7% | 28.0% | 4 | |
Sub-Saharan Africa | Benin | 1.1% | 5.4% | 14.4% | 1.7% | 6.3% | 14.9% | 1.8% | 6.2% | 14.2% | 62.1% | 16.7% | 3.4% | 0.3% | −1.9% | −5.0% | 62.5% | 14.5% | −1.8% | 2 |
Burkina Faso | 1.6% | 7.3% | 17.9% | 1.2% | 6.4% | 16.4% | 1.2% | 6.3% | 15.9% | −20.5% | −11.4% | −8.2% | −4.2% | −2.4% | −3.0% | −23.9% | −13.5% | −11.0% | 1 | |
Cameroon | 4.6% | 13.4% | 24.8% | 3.9% | 12.4% | 24.1% | 3.2% | 10.3% | 21.0% | −15.6% | −7.8% | −2.6% | −17.0% | −17.0% | −12.9% | −29.9% | −23.5% | −15.2% | 1 | |
Chad | 3.8% | 11.9% | 23.7% | 4.1% | 12.4% | 23.5% | 4.1% | 11.9% | 21.9% | 9.5% | 4.2% | −1.0% | −0.7% | −4.5% | −6.8% | 8.8% | −0.5% | −7.7% | 3 | |
Ghana | 1.1% | 5.8% | 14.2% | 0.9% | 4.4% | 12.0% | 1.2% | 5.4% | 11.9% | −24.3% | −24.0% | −15.7% | 44.5% | 23.5% | −0.3% | 9.4% | −6.1% | −16.0% | 1 | |
Guinea | 4.2% | 11.3% | 20.2% | 3.3% | 9.8% | 18.2% | 4.5% | 12.0% | 21.9% | −20.7% | −13.2% | −9.8% | 35.1% | 22.3% | 19.9% | 7.2% | 6.1% | 8.1% | 5 | |
Kenya | 1.8% | 7.6% | 17.6% | 1.6% | 7.2% | 17.8% | 1.9% | 7.4% | 17.3% | −9.1% | −4.4% | 1.2% | 16.4% | 1.9% | −2.8% | 5.7% | −2.6% | −1.7% | 1 | |
Malawi | 3.2% | 9.6% | 19.9% | 2.0% | 8.9% | 21.1% | 1.9% | 8.7% | 20.9% | −38.3% | −7.8% | 5.8% | −4.9% | −2.1% | −0.8% | −41.3% | −9.7% | 5.0% | 7 | |
Mali | 2.4% | 9.2% | 18.2% | 3.6% | 11.2% | 21.8% | 4.0% | 10.9% | 20.7% | 46.6% | 22.0% | 19.4% | 11.7% | −2.5% | −4.8% | 63.7% | 18.9% | 13.7% | 5 | |
Mozambique | 3.6% | 11.5% | 22.5% | 3.8% | 11.9% | 23.6% | 3.0% | 10.6% | 21.1% | 3.8% | 3.2% | 4.8% | −19.5% | −10.6% | −10.4% | −16.4% | −7.8% | −6.1% | 1 | |
Namibia | 1.2% | 6.3% | 15.8% | 1.8% | 7.0% | 16.3% | 1.4% | 6.5% | 16.2% | 50.6% | 11.2% | 3.0% | −23.4% | −6.9% | −0.6% | 15.4% | 3.4% | 2.4% | 7 | |
Niger | 4.1% | 12.8% | 24.4% | 3.3% | 11.7% | 21.9% | 3.0% | 9.7% | 19.5% | −18.8% | −8.3% | −10.3% | −10.6% | −17.0% | −10.6% | −27.4% | −23.9% | −19.8% | 1 | |
Nigeria | 3.7% | 10.1% | 19.2% | 3.2% | 9.8% | 19.4% | 2.3% | 8.1% | 16.6% | −12.8% | −2.9% | 1.4% | −28.2% | −16.7% | −14.7% | −37.4% | −19.1% | −13.4% | 1 | |
Rwanda | 0.4% | 2.2% | 7.2% | 0.2% | 2.2% | 7.7% | 0.2% | 1.8% | 6.5% | −38.3% | 3.2% | 6.9% | −16.6% | −18.3% | −16.1% | −48.5% | −15.7% | −10.3% | 1 | |
Senegal | 2.9% | 8.8% | 17.6% | 2.4% | 7.8% | 16.2% | 1.3% | 5.8% | 13.6% | −17.2% | −11.0% | −7.7% | −44.2% | −26.0% | −16.0% | −53.8% | −34.1% | −22.5% | 1 | |
Tanzania | 1.7% | 8.0% | 19.1% | 1.4% | 7.6% | 18.7% | 1.3% | 6.9% | 17.6% | −15.0% | −4.7% | −1.8% | −6.4% | −9.2% | −5.9% | −20.4% | −13.4% | −7.6% | 1 | |
Uganda | 3.1% | 11.1% | 22.9% | 2.6% | 9.9% | 22.0% | 2.1% | 8.1% | 18.5% | −16.7% | −10.4% | −4.1% | −18.7% | −18.9% | −16.0% | −32.3% | −27.4% | −19.4% | 1 | |
Zambia | 2.3% | 10.1% | 21.8% | 2.1% | 10.0% | 22.0% | 1.6% | 7.9% | 18.6% | −7.0% | −1.2% | 0.7% | −26.1% | −20.2% | −15.3% | −31.3% | −21.2% | −14.6% | 1 | |
Zimbabwe | 1.7% | 7.4% | 17.9% | 1.5% | 8.2% | 21.3% | 1.2% | 6.9% | 17.6% | −13.2% | 10.1% | 19.0% | −22.3% | −16.4% | −17.2% | −32.5% | −7.9% | −1.4% | 1 | |
Across-country variation within low-income and middle-income countries | ||||||||||||||||||||
Min | 0.3% | 2.2% | 7.2% | 0.1% | 2.0% | 7.2% | 0.1% | 1.6% | 6.0% | −55.8% | −35.5% | −28.1% | −63.1% | −46.0% | −30.3% | −74.7% | −62.1% | −46.8% | ||
Median | 1.8% | 7.7% | 17.9% | 1.8% | 7.7% | 18.5% | 1.5% | 7.1% | 17.5% | −14.1% | −4.2% | 0.5% | −10.4% | −8.1% | −5.4% | −18.4% | −7.9% | −6.9% | ||
Max | 5.9% | 16.4% | 29.4% | 7.6% | 19.6% | 34.0% | 6.3% | 17.7% | 33.1% | 75.6% | 48.7% | 25.7% | 61.7% | 55.3% | 27.7% | 92.3% | 60.6% | 33.3% | ||
Time 1 | Time 2 | Time 3 | T1–T2 | T2–T3 | T1–T3 | Pattern of change | ||||||||||||||
<16 | <18 | <20 | <16 | <18 | <20 | <16 | <18 | <20 | <16 | <18 | <20 | <16 | <18 | <20 | <16 | <18 | <20 | (detail in table 6) | ||
High income | Finland | 0.03% | 0.45% | 2.53% | 0.04% | 0.49% | 2.81% | 0.02% | 0.31% | 1.70% | 70.37% | 8.89% | 11.07% | −46.16% | −36.73% | −39.50% | −8.28% | −31.11% | −32.81% | 1 |
Slovakia | 0.33% | 2.62% | 12.30% | 0.36% | 2.47% | 7.56% | 0.33% | 2.37% | 6.23% | 10.05% | −5.73% | −38.54% | −9.10% | −4.05% | −17.59% | 0.03% | −9.54% | −49.35% | not available |