Covariates | n | Neonatal (0–1 month) mortality (N=992) | |||||
Unadjusted | Adjusted model 1* | Adjusted model 2† | |||||
RR (95% CI) | P values | RR (95% CI) | P values | RR (95% CI) | P values | ||
Maternal covariates | |||||||
Maternal height per 1 cm increase | 992 | 0.968 (0.956 to 0.980) | <0.001 | 0.973 (0.960 to 0.986) | <0.001 | ||
Maternal height categories, cm | |||||||
≥155.0 | 165 | 1(ref) | 1(ref) | ||||
154.9–150.0 | 308 | 1.25 (1.01 to 1.54) | 1.22 (0.99 to 1.51) | ||||
149.9–145.0 | 328 | 1.47 (1.19 to 1.81) | 1.41 (1.14 to 1.74) | ||||
<145.0 | 191 | 1.90 (1.46 to 2.47) | <0.001 | 1.73 (1.31 to 2.28) | 0.001 | ||
Maternal Age at birth, y | |||||||
<20 | 373 | 1(ref) | |||||
20–24 | 306 | 0.70 (0.59 to 0.83) | |||||
25–29 | 160 | 0.58 (0.45 to 0.75) | |||||
≥30 | 153 | 0.69 (0.55 to 0.85) | <0.001 | ||||
Maternal Educational level | |||||||
No education | 280 | 1(ref) | 1(ref) | 1(ref) | |||
Primary | 319 | 0.91 (0.76 to 1.09) | 0.85 (0.71 to 1.03) | 0.85 (0.71 to 1.03) | |||
Secondary | 357 | 0.84 (0.70 to 1.02) | 0.80 (0.64 to 0.99) | 0.80 (0.64 to 1.00) | |||
Higher | 36 | 0.48 (0.32 to 0.71) | 0.003 | 0.52 (0.34 to 0.79) | 0.015 | 0.52 (0.34 to 0.80) | 0.018 |
Mother's Occupation | |||||||
Not working | 792 | 1(ref) | |||||
Working | 200 | 1.12 (0.94 to 1.33) | 0.225 | ||||
Child Covariates | |||||||
Combined birth rank and interval | |||||||
second/3rd birth rank,>2 years interval | 264 | 1(ref) | 1(ref) | 1(ref) | |||
first birth rank | 457 | 1.80 (1.48 to 2.18) | 1.92 (1.56 to 2.35) | 1.92 (1.56 to 2.36) | |||
second/3rd birth rank,<=2 years interval | 78 | 2.00 (1.48 to 2.69) | 1.93 (1.43 to 2.59) | 1.93 (1.43 to 2.60) | |||
fourth birth rank,>2 years interval | 150 | 1.17 (0.91 to 1.49) | 1.02 (0.80 to 1.29) | 1.02 (0.80 to 1.29) | |||
fourth birth rank,<=2 years interval | 43 | 1.96 (1.34 to 2.86) | <0.001 | 1.71 (1.17 to 2.48) | <0.001 | 1.71 (1.18 to 2.49) | <0.001 |
Sex of the child | |||||||
Male | 562 | 1(ref) | 1(ref) | 1(ref) | |||
Female | 430 | 0.82 (0.71 to 0.95) | 0.010 | 0.83 (0.71 to 0.96) | 0.012 | 0.83 (0.71 to 0.96) | 0.012 |
Household covariates | |||||||
Wealth Quintile | |||||||
Fifth, richest | 135 | 1(ref) | 1(ref) | 1(ref) | |||
Fourth | 188 | 1.74 (1.32 to 2.29) | 1.59 (1.20 to 2.10) | 1.58 (1.20 to 2.08) | |||
Third | 200 | 1.71 (1.34 to 2.19) | 1.51 (1.17 to 1.95) | 1.50 (1.17 to 1.94) | |||
Second | 221 | 1.97 (1.55 to 2.51) | 1.73 (1.33 to 2.24) | 1.72 (1.32 to 2.23) | |||
First, poorest | 248 | 1.80 (1.42 to 2.29) | <0.001 | 1.57 (1.21 to 2.04) | 0.001 | 1.56 (1.21 to 2.02) | 0.001 |
Father's Education | |||||||
No education | 368 | 1(ref) | |||||
Primary | 306 | 0.91 (0.77 to 1.08) | |||||
Secondary | 250 | 0.84 (0.68 to 1.03) | |||||
Higher | 68 | 0.50 (0.37 to 0.68) | <0.001 | ||||
Location of Residence | |||||||
urban | 292 | 1(ref) | |||||
rural | 700 | 1.18 (1.01 to 1.39) | 0.043 | ||||
Region | |||||||
Barisal | 93 | 1(ref) | |||||
Chittagong | 171 | 0.94 (0.72 to 1.23) | |||||
Dhaka | 182 | 1.10 (0.84 to 1.45) | |||||
Khulna | 114 | 1.17 (0.88 to 1.56) | |||||
Rajshahi | 157 | 1.33 (1.02 to 1.75) | |||||
Sylhet | 163 | 1.26 (0.96 to 1.65) | |||||
Rangpur | 112 | 1.38 (1.01 to 1.88) | 0.022 | ||||
Time (year) | |||||||
2004 | 270 | 1(ref) | |||||
2007 | 225 | 0.90 (0.74 to 1.09) | |||||
2011 | 277 | 0.76 (0.63 to 0.92) | |||||
2014 | 220 | 0.69 (0.55 to 0.86) | 0.003 | ||||
Recall | 992 | 0.997 (0.995 to 1.000) | 0.028 |
Adjusted model for continuous maternal height.
Adjusted model for maternal height categories.