Baseline characteristics across treatment arms and protocol adherence
| ITT—control | ITT—treatment | Per-protocol control | Treatment non-per protocol | Treatment per protocol | Missing | ||||||
| Girls | ( n = 423 ) | ( n = 446 ) | ( n = 264 ) | ( n = 114 ) | ( n = 163 ) | ||||||
| Age (years) | 12.12 | (1.53) | 11.96 | (1.47) | 12.17 | (1.55) | 12.40 | (1.37) | 11.71 | (1.54) | 0 |
| Language | 0 | ||||||||||
| Mashi (%) | 149 | (35) | 220 | (49) | 81 | (31) | 69 | (61) | 88 | (54) | |
| Swahili (%) | 274 | (65) | 226 | (51) | 183 | (69) | 45 | (39) | 75 | (46) | |
| Attended school, last 12 months (%) | 339 | (80) | 352 | (79) | 214 | (81) | 94 | (82) | 135 | (83) | 0 |
| Years of schooling | 2.91 | 2.45 | 2.51 | 2.12 | 3.13 | 2.60 | 2.64 | 1.90 | 2.45 | 2.13 | 1 |
| Parents in the household | 0 | ||||||||||
| Both (%) | 257 | (61) | 263 | (59) | 164 | (62) | 73 | (64) | 91 | (56) | |
| Mother only (%) | 121 | (29) | 121 | (27) | 76 | (29) | 35 | (31) | 51 | (31) | |
| Father only (%) | 12 | (3) | 16 | (4) | 7 | (3) | 1 | (1) | 6 | (4) | |
| Neither (%) | 339 | (8) | 46 | (10) | 17 | (6) | 5 | (4%) | 15 | (9%) | |
| Relationship status (13–14 year-olds) | 27 | ||||||||||
| Single | 137 | (74) | 126 | (76) | 86 | (72) | 46 | (74) | 40 | (83) | |
| Married, living with husband (%) | 23 | (13) | 23 | (14) | 17 | (14) | 12 | (19) | 5 | (10) | |
| Married, not living with husband (%) | 15 | (8) | 10 | (6) | 10 | (8) | 3 | (5) | 2 | (4) | |
| Living with man as if married (%) | 9 | (5) | 7 | (4) | 7 | (6) | 1 | (2) | 1 | (2) | |
| Exposure to violence, last 12 months | |||||||||||
| Any sexual violence (%) | 98 | (27) | 102 | (26) | 62 | (28) | 24 | (22) | 34 | (23) | 114 |
| Unwanted sexual touching (%) | 55 | (15) | 63 | (16) | 34 | (15) | 16 | (15) | 20 | (13) | 100 |
| Coerced sex (%) | 58 | (15) | 53 | (13) | 36 | (15) | 17 | (16) | 17 | (11) | 80 |
| Forced sex (13–14 year-olds) (%) | 28 | (16) | 30 | (20) | 19 | (16) | 6 | (12) | 7 | (15) | 48 |
| Physical violence (%) | 162 | (42) | 178 | (43) | 103 | (42) | 46 | (43) | 61 | (41) | 65 |
| Emotional violence (%) | 171 | (45) | 175 | (43) | 110 | (47) | 43 | (40) | 63 | (43) | 79 |
| Neglect, last 12 months (%) | 179 | (49) | 200 | (50) | 110 | (48) | 44 | (43) | 72 | (49) | 98 |
| Child marriage, last 12 months (13–14 year-olds) (%) | 38 | (21) | 33 | (20) | 27 | (23) | 15 | (24) | 7 | (15) | 27 |
| Transactional sexual exploitation, last 12 months (%) | 53 | (14) | 59 | (15) | 35 | (15) | 13 | (13) | 23 | (15) | 103 |
| Caregivers | ( n = 375 ) | ( n = 389 ) | ( n = 260 ) | ( n = 113 ) | ( n = 162 ) | ||||||
| Age (years) | 38.57 | (10.31) | 38.63 | (10.51) | 38.29 | (9.85) | 39.13 | (9.74) | 39.90 | (10.83) | 1 |
| Female (%) | 342 | (91) | 361 | (93) | 239 | (92) | 105 | (93) | 148 | (92) | 0 |
| Language | 0 | ||||||||||
| Mashi (%) | 180 | (48) | 207 | (53) | 111 | (44) | 68 | (62) | 86 | (54) | |
| Swahili (%) | 195 | (52) | 182 | (47) | 140 | (56) | 41 | (38) | 73 | (46) | |
| Attitudes towards gender inequitable norms | 6.70 | (2.61) | 6.66 | (2.60) | 6.78 | (2.49) | 6.66 | (2.50) | 6.46 | (2.66) | 21 |
| PARQ warmth/affection subscale | 13.47 | (4.09) | 13.56 | (4.330 | 13.31 | (4.17) | 13.11 | (4.00) | 13.66 | (4.26) | 10 |
| PARQ total scale | 44.87 | (7.85) | 45.67 | (8.16) | 44.57 | (7.65) | 45.42 | (7.32) | 45.09 | (8.56) | 74 |
| Attitudes towards physical discipline | 7.93 | (2.88) | 8.00 | (2.89) | 7.92 | (2.91) | 8.11 | (2.94) | 7.809 | (2.92) | 16 |
ITT, intent-to-treat; PARQ, Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire.