Table 1

Sample description by breastfeeding outcome

(a) Early initiation of breastfeeding (within first hour of birth) among children born in the last 24 months (N=401 067)
Country	DHS survey years	Birth years available (Min, Max)	Sample size	Average proportion of children born in the last 24 months who were put to the breast within 1 hour of birth*
Bangladesh	2004, 2007, 2011, 2014	2002, 2014	11 316	42.59%
Kenya	2003, 2008, 2014	2001, 2014	8540	59.27%
Lesotho	2004, 2009, 2014	2002, 2014	4361	61.10%
Malawi	2000, 2004, 2010	1998, 2010	17 153	77.92%
Uganda	2000, 2006, 2011	1998, 2011	9004	40.96%
Zambia	2001, 2007, 2013	1999, 2014	10 290	59.46%
Zimbabwe	2005, 2010, 2015	2003, 2015	6795	67.54%
All treated countries †			67 459	60.54% (SD=0.07)
Armenia	2000, 2005, 2010	1998, 2010	1776	30.69%
Benin	2001, 2006, 2011	1999, 2012	13 490	54.61%
Bolivia	2003, 2008	2001, 2008	7170	64.27%
Burkina Faso	2003, 2010	2001, 2010	9892	38.24%
Cameroon	2004, 2011	2002, 2011	7741	35.56%
Chad	2004, 2014	2002, 2015	8362	28.35%
Colombia	2000, 2005, 2010	1998, 2010	14 402	61.88%
Congo	2005, 2011	2003, 2012	5698	30.48%
Democratic Republic of Congo	2007, 2013	2005, 2014	10 576	51.56%
Dominican Republic	2002, 2007, 2013	2000, 2013	9616	60.38%
Egypt	2000, 2005, 2008, 2014	1998, 2014	20 509	45.30%
Ethiopia	2000, 2005, 2011	1998, 2011	11 770	57.14%
Gabon	2000, 2012	1998, 2012	4080	53.14%
Ghana‡	2003, 2008, 2014	2001, 2014	5091	52.32%
Guinea	2005, 2012	2003, 2012	5326	27.99%
Haiti	2000, 2005, 2012	1998, 2012	7790	46.97%
Honduras	2005, 2011	2003, 2012	8607	72.52%
Indonesia	2002, 2007, 2012	2000, 2012	20 471	41.58%
Jordan	2002, 2007, 2012	2000, 2012	9754	32.06%
Liberia	2007, 2013	2004, 2013	5093	59.86%
Madagascar	2003, 2008	2001, 2009	6891	64.69%
Mali	2001, 2006, 2012	1999, 2013	14 404	47.60%
Mozambique	2003, 2011	2001, 2011	8511	74.81%
Nepal	2001, 2006, 2011	1999, 2012	6698	35.39%
Niger	2006, 2012	2004, 2012	8475	50.60%
Nigeria	2003, 2008, 2013	2001, 2013	25 078	34.81%
Peru	2000, 2004, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012	1998, 2012	34 044	50.19%
Philippines	2003, 2008, 2013	2001, 2013	7551	53.12%
Senegal	2005, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2015	2003, 2015	17 504	35.05%
Sierra Leone	2008, 2013	2006, 2013	6592	54.12%
Tanzania	2004, 2010, 2015	2002, 2016	10 646	48.08%
All control countries §			333 608	48.32% (SD=0.02)

(b) Exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months among infants 0–5 months of age (N=86 565)
Country	DHS survey years	Birth years available (Min, Max)	Sample Size	Average proportion of infants 0–5 months of age who are fed exclusively with breast milk during the previous day*
Bangladesh	2004, 2007, 2011, 2014	2003, 2014	2618	82.21%
Kenya	2003, 2008, 2014	2002, 2014	2035	67.01%
Lesotho	2004, 2009, 2014	2004, 2014	1156	89.72%
Malawi	2000, 2004, 2010	2000, 2010	3995	78.88%
Uganda	2000, 2006, 2011	2000, 2011	2199	81.74%
Zambia	2001, 2007, 2013	2001, 2014	2442	73.43%
Zimbabwe	2005, 2010, 2015	2005, 2015	1705	66.38%
All Treated countries †			16 150	76.65% (SD=0.029)
Armenia	2000, 2010	2000, 2010	306	83.73%
Benin	2001, 2006, 2011	2001, 2012	3190	83.47%
Bolivia	2003, 2008	2003, 2008	1607	90.03%
Burkina Faso	2003, 2010	2003, 2010	2537	88.75%
Cameroon	2004, 2011	2003, 2011	1902	69.66%
Chad¶	–	–	–	–
Colombia	2000, 2010	1999, 2010	1944	81.29%
Congo¶	–	–	–	–
Democratic Republic of Congo	2007, 2013	2006, 2014	2788	72.03%
Dominican Republic	2002, 2007, 2013	2002, 2013	2216	74.81%
Egypt	2000, 2008, 2014	1999, 2014	3816	76.47%
Ethiopia	2000, 2011	2000, 2011	2151	86.03%
Gabon¶	–	–	–	–
Ghana‡	2003, 2008, 2014	2003, 2014	1259	81.43%
Guinea	2005, 2012	2004, 2012	1427	80.43%
Haiti	2000, 2005, 2012	1999, 2012	1889	55.48%
Honduras¶	–	–	–	–
Indonesia	2002, 2007, 2012	2002, 2012	4768	59.05%
Jordan	2002, 2007, 2012	2002, 2012	2463	77.89%
Liberia	2007, 2013	2006, 2013	1210	88.10%
Madagascar	2003, 2008	2003, 2009	1704	94.65%
Mali	2001, 2006, 2012	2000, 2013	3671	89.51%
Mozambique	2003, 2011	2003, 2011	2055	72.75%
Nepal	2001, 2006, 2011	2001, 2012	1604	92.64%
Niger	2006, 2012	2005, 2012	2227	83.07%
Nigeria	2003, 2008, 2013	2002, 2013	6225	66.91%
Peru	2000, 2004, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012	2000, 2012	7485	94.74%
Philippines	2003, 2008	2003, 2008	1197	82.56%
Senegal	2005, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2015	2004, 2015	4516	86.17%
Sierra Leone	2008, 2013	2007, 2013	1674	62.41%
Tanzania	2004, 2010, 2015	2004, 2016	2584	80.12%
All control countries §			70 415	81.34% (SD=0.025)

(c) Breastfeeding duration among children under 5 years of age (N=750 118)
Country	DHS survey years	Birth years available (Min, Max)	Sample size	Average breastfeeding duration (months) among children younger than five*
Bangladesh	2004, 2007, 2011, 2014	1999, 2014	23 499	20.35
Kenya	2003, 2008, 2014	1998, 2014	20 281	15.23
Lesotho	2004, 2009, 2014	1999, 2014	7651	18.33
Malawi	2000, 2004, 2010	1996, 2010	37 405	17.55
Uganda	2000, 2006, 2009, 2011	1996, 2011	19 749	14.68
Zambia	2001, 2007, 2013	1996, 2014	23 886	15.88
Zimbabwe	2005, 2010, 2015	2000, 2014	7544	18.63
All treated countries †			140 015	16.68 (SD=0.75)
Armenia	2000, 2005, 2010	1996, 2010	3157	12.45
Benin	2001, 2006, 2011	1996, 2012	22 975	20.16
Bolivia	2003, 2008	1998, 2008	17 683	13.65
Burkina Faso	2003, 2010	1998, 2010	15 180	25.11
Cameroon	2004, 2011	1999, 2011	17 175	13.25
Chad	2004, 2014	1999, 2014	10 418	22.61
Colombia	2000, 2005, 2010	1996, 2010	31 918	11.68
Congo	2005, 2011	2000, 2012	7047	18.20
Democratic Republic of Congo	2007, 2013	2002, 2014	14 403	19.75
Dominican Republic	2002, 2007, 2013	1997, 2013	23 345	8.43
Egypt	2000, 2005, 2008, 2014	1996, 2014	36 875	18.34
Ethiopia	2000, 2005, 2011	1996, 2011	22 360	22.28
Gabon	2000, 2012	1996, 2012	5077	18.28
Ghana‡	2003, 2008, 2014	1998, 2014	8319	19.72
Guinea	2005, 2012	2000, 2012	8166	23.68
Haiti	2000, 2005, 2012	1996, 2012	12 951	17.27
Honduras	2005, 2011	2000, 2012	13 836	18.49
Indonesia	2002, 2007, 2012	1997, 2012	37 970	19.20
Jordan	2002, 2007, 2012	1997, 2012	17 263	15.73
Liberia	2007, 2013	2002, 2013	7517	20.22
Madagascar	2003, 2008	1998, 2009	16 514	15.21
Mali	2001, 2006, 2012	1996, 2013	26 099	19.20
Mozambique	2003, 2011	1998, 2011	12 722	21.37
Nepal	2001, 2006, 2011	1996, 2012	14 727	21.32
Niger	2006, 2012	2001, 2012	12 326	21.46
Nigeria	2003, 2008, 2013	1998, 2013	38 792	17.16
Peru	2000, 2004, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012	1996, 2012	82 897	14.51
Philippines	2003, 2008, 2013	1998, 2013	13 808	15.89
Senegal	2005, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2015	2000, 2014	21 030	18.38
Sierra Leone	2008, 2013	2003, 2013	8286	19.24
Tanzania	2004, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2015	1999, 2014	29 267	16.63
All control countries §			610 103	14.37 (SD=0.43)