Table 2

Primary outcomes of the study

Intervention period (n=1623)Control period (n=1720)Adjusted OR/IRR*
(95% CI)
P values
Women approached PHC for childbirth; n per PHC-month3514/135
(26 per PHC-month)
3831/180
(21 per PHC-month)
1.22†
(1.17 to 1.28)
Practices before childbirth
 Hand hygiene before per-vaginal examination on all occasions695/1058
(65.7)
660/1269
(52.0)
1.47
(1.13 to 1.90)
0.004
 Use of sterile gloves for per-vaginal examination on all occasions923/1263
(73.1)
1100/1340
(82.1)
0.91
(0.67 to 1.22)
0.52
 Fetal heart rate recording on all occasions1125/1263
(89.1)
1070/1340
(79.8)
1.47
(1.03 to 2.09)
0.03
 Use of partograph on all obstetric examinations*535/1263
(42.4)
675/1340
(50.4)
1.63
(1.28 to 2.07)
<0.0001
 Augmentation of labour using uterotonic*160/1411
(11.3)
207/1567
(13.2)
1.77
(1.21 to 2.58)
0.003
Practices after childbirth
 Use of uterotonic after delivery for active management of third stage of labour1432/1448
(98.9)
1426/1481
(96.3)
1.27
(0.54 to 3.0)
0.58
 Placing the baby in skin-to-skin contact with mother within 1 hour of birth886/1431
(61.9)
670/1476
(45.4)
1.38
(1.18 to 1.62)
<0.0001
 Initiation of breast feeding within 1 hour of birth946/1331
(71.1)
756/1390
(54.4)
1.02
(0.82 to 1.26)
0.86
 Baby dried within 1 min of birth647/1448
(44.7)
400/1478
(27.1)
1.27
(0.99 to 1.63)
0.06
 Birth weight recorded within 2 hours of birth1384/1405
(98.5)
1412/1439
(98.1)
1.49 (0.64 to 3.49)0.35
 Discharge after 24 hours after delivery1103/1318
(83.7)
825/1353
(61.0)
2.14 (1.60 to 2.88)<0.0001
 Adequate discharge preparedness†927/1165
(79.6%)
582/1249
(46.6%)
1.79
(1.41 to 2.27)
<0.0001
  • Data expressed as n (%) unless specified otherwise.

  • PHC, primary health centre.

  • *The summary statistics is expressed as adjusted ORs for all practices except ‘women approached PHC for childbirth’ which was expressed in terms of incidence rate ratio (IRR). The data were adjusted for secular trend and cluster. As a result, for the practices 4 and 5, despite having lower rates in intervention period than control period, adjusted ORs are in the opposite direction.

  • †Presence of all: exclusive breast feeding at discharge, women counselled and she is aware of danger signs for herself and her baby).