Table 1

Participants’ profile (number, percentage)

VariableRural groupsUrban groupsP values
CQ1CQ2CQ3CQ4Total (%)SH1SH2SH3SH4Total (%)
Gender0.96
 Female556521 (72.4)555520 (71.4)
 Male22138 (27.6)22228 (28.6)
Age0.26
 <3000011 (3.4)00000
 30–4500011 (3.4)00033 (10.7)
 46–60133310 (34.5)02215 (17.9)
 >60644317 (58.6)755320 (71.4)
Education level0.000
 Primary school or lower654217 (58.6)01102 (7.1)
 Middle school11338 (27.6)31105 (17.9)
 High school01034 (13.8)433212 (42.9)
 College or university0000002259 (32.1)
Family annual income (¥10 000)*0.000
 <100101 (3.4)00000
 1–5675422 (75.9)00000
 6–1010146 (20.7)555116 (57.2)
 11–150000021137 (25.0)
 16–200000001102 (7.1)
 21–300000000033 (10.7)
Family size (person(s))†0.16
 100202 (6.9)01102 (7.1)
 2–3644317 (58.6)655420 (71.4)
 4–503025 (3.4)11136 (21.4)
 >610135 (3.4)00000
Hospital visit experience0.02
 Primary care facilities only334414 (48.3)22217 (25.0)
 Higher level facilities only0000011125 (17.9)
 Both443415 (51.7)444416 (57.1)
  • *Family annual income was defined as the total income by all family members that lived together with the participant.

  • †Family size was defined as the total number of family members that lived together with the participant.

  • CQ, groups organized in Chongqing; CQ1, CQ2, SH1, SH2, chronic groups; CQ3, CQ4, SH3, SH4, general groups; SH, groups organized in Shanghai.