Frequency, crude and adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for blood glucose testing and urine glucose testing by sociodemographic characteristic
| Total | Ever blood glucose test | Ever urine glucose test | |||||||
| n | % | % | OR 95% CI | AOR 95% CI | % | OR 95% CI | AOR 95% CI | ||
| Sex | Male | 5684 | 47.0 | 13.9 | 5.3 | ||||
| Female | 6456 | 53.0 | 14.0 | 1.01 (0.90 to 1.13) | 0.88 (0.68 to 1.15) | 5.0 | 0.94 (0.79 to 1.11) | 0.78 (0.55 to 1.11) | |
| Age (years) | 30–39 | 4108 | 33.6 | 9.8 | 3.5 | ||||
| 40–49 | 3051 | 25.2 | 13.0 | 1.37 (1.20 to 1.57) | 1.55 (1.33 to 1.81) | 4.1 | 1.18 (0.94 to 1.49) | 1.11 (0.86 to 1.45) | |
| 50–59 | 2293 | 19.0 | 17.9 | 2.02 (1.72 to 2.37) | 2.57 (2.13 to 3.08) | 6.8 | 1.99 (1.57 to 2.52) | 1.93 (1.45 to 2.56) | |
| 60–69 | 1917 | 15.9 | 18.7 | 2.13 (1.80 to 2.51) | 2.59 (2.09 to 3.22) | 7.9 | 2.34 (1.88 to 2.90) | 2.12 (1.60 to 2.81) | |
| 70+ | 771 | 6.3 | 16.5 | 1.82 (1.46 to 2.27) | 1.80 (1.32 to 2.45) | 6.5 | 1.89 (1.35 to 2.66) | 1.54 (0.99 to 2.41) | |
| Currently married | No | 1508 | 12.2 | 16.5 | 5.9 | ||||
| Yes | 10 632 | 87.8 | 13.6 | 0.80 (0.69 to 0.94) | 0.76 (0.62 to 0.93) | 5.1 | 0.85 (0.67 to 1.07) | 0.88 (0.63 to 1.22) | |
| Education | No formal | 6057 | 49.5 | 9.4 | 3.6 | ||||
| Incomplete primary | 2777 | 23.3 | 12.8 | 1.42 (1.21 to 1.66) | 1.61 (1.26 to 2.05) | 4.8 | 1.35 (1.07 to 1.71) | 1.69 (1.21 to 2.36) | |
| Completed at least primary | 3306 | 27.2 | 23.2 | 2.90 (2.47 to 3.41) | 2.50 (1.86 to 3.35) | 8.4 | 2.46 (1.97 to 3.07) | 2.20 (1.39 to 3.48) | |
| Literate | Illiterate | 7475 | 61.4 | 10.0 | 3.8 | ||||
| Literate | 4665 | 38.6 | 20.4 | 2.31 (2.03 to 2.63) | 1.15 (0.90 to 1.47) | 7.3 | 1.99 (1.66 to 2.39) | 0.98 (0.67 to 1.45) | |
| Occupation | Unemployed | 6703 | 55.1 | 15.3 | 5.7 | ||||
| Manual | 4034 | 33.3 | 9.1 | 0.55 (0.47 to 0.65) | 0.58 (0.43 to 0.78) | 3.1 | 0.53 (0.43 to 0.66) | 0.52 (0.36 to 0.75) | |
| Professional | 1401 | 11.6 | 21.7 | 1.54 (1.31 to 1.80) | 0.87 (0.64 to 1.19) | 8.4 | 1.51 (1.17 to 1.95) | 0.89 (0.60 to 1.32) | |
| Wealth | Most poor | 2431 | 19.7 | 7.8 | 3.3 | ||||
| 2 | 2445 | 20.4 | 7.4 | 0.94 (0.71 to 1.24) | 0.84 (0.62 to 1.14) | 3.4 | 1.04 (0.70 to 1.54) | 0.97 (0.66 to 1.42) | |
| 3 | 2441 | 20.2 | 11.1 | 1.47 (1.18 to 1.82) | 1.32 (1.05 to 1.64) | 4.4 | 1.37 (0.98 to 1.92) | 1.21 (0.88 to 1.66) | |
| 4 | 2403 | 19.6 | 14.4 | 1.97 (1.59 to 2.45) | 1.60 (1.27 to 2.01) | 4.8 | 1.50 (1.10 to 2.04) | 1.16 (0.86 to 1.57) | |
| Least poor | 2420 | 20.1 | 29.2 | 4.86 (3.95 to 5.98) | 2.91 (2.32 to 3.66) | 9.9 | 3.23 (2.36 to 4.42) | 1.53 (1.09 to 2.13) | |
| Religion | Other | 1140 | 9.2 | 20.3 | 9.0 | ||||
| Muslim | 11 000 | 90.8 | 13.3 | 0.60 (0.47 to 0.77) | 0.78 (0.60 to 1.02) | 4.8 | 0.51 (0.34 to 0.77) | 0.64 (0.42 to 0.98) | |
| Diabetic status | Normoglycaemic | 8364 | 69.2 | 11.0 | 3.4 | ||||
| Intermediate hyperglycaemia | 2455 | 20.5 | 12.4 | 1.15 (0.97 to 1.35) | 1.03 (0.88 to 1.21) | 4.0 | 1.17 (0.92 to 1.48) | 1.06 (0.84 to 1.34) | |
| Unknown diabetic | 918 | 7.7 | 17.3 | 1.70 (1.38 to 2.09) | 1.36 (1.09 to 1.69) | 6.0 | 1.79 (1.31 to 2.43) | 1.50 (1.10 to 2.05) | |
| Known diabetic | 310 | 2.6 | 98.0 | 400.02 (168.77 to 948.13) | 348.01 (141.51 to 855.86) | 59.6 | 41.50 (30.81 to 55.90) | 28.85 (20.87 to 39.89) | |
| Total | 12 140 | 100 | 14.0 | 5.2 | |||||
Proportions are cluster means. All ORs and 95% CIs are adjusted for the stratified, clustered survey design. Adjusted ORs are adjusted for all covariates.
n for multivariate analysis=12 045 due to missing occupation or diabetic status data for 95 individuals.