N | n | % | N | n | % | N | n | % | |
Obese (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2) | 381 | 143 | 37.5 | 381 | 140 | 36.8 | 374 | 140 | 37.4 |
Taking any medication | 388 | 92 | 23.7 | 386 | 76 | 19.7 | 384 | 76 | 19.8 |
HIV positive | 388 | 95 | 24.5 | 386 | 79 | 20.5 | 384 | 79 | 20.6 |
Labour was induced | 388 | 22 | 5.7 | 386 | 18 | 4.7 | 384 | 21 | 5.5 |
Labour augmentation* | |||||||||
Labour augmentation in first stage | 387 | 25 | 6.5 | 386 | 24 | 6.2 | 384 | 23 | 6.0 |
Labour augmentation in second stage | 387 | 23 | 5.9 | 385 | 12 | 3.1 | 384 | 10 | 2.6 |
Analgesia* | |||||||||
None | 386 | 249 | 64.5 | 386 | 257 | 66.6 | 383 | 240 | 62.7 |
Epidural | 386 | 3 | 0.8 | 386 | 2 | 0.5 | 383 | 0 | 0.0 |
Spinal† | 386 | 0 | 0.0 | 386 | 0 | 0.0 | 383 | 0 | 0.0 |
Epidural/spinal† | 386 | 0 | 0.0 | 386 | 0 | 0.0 | 383 | 0 | 0.0 |
Injectable analgesic | 386 | 134 | 34.7 | 386 | 127 | 32.9 | 383 | 143 | 37.3 |
*Prior to randomisation.
†All 15 cases where spinal or epidural/spinal was used were women who delivered by caesarean section (CS).
BMI, body mass index; GAP, gentle assisted pushing.