Routine practice n=384 | Upright position n=386 | GAP in upright position n=388 | |||||||
N | n | % | N | n | % | N | n | % | |
Final mode of birth | |||||||||
Spontaneous cephalic | 384 | 367 | 95.6 | 386 | 371 | 96.1 | 388 | 374 | 96.4 |
Vaginal breech | 384 | 0 | 0.0 | 386 | 0 | 0.0 | 388 | 0 | 0.0 |
Vacuum or forceps | 384 | 4 | 1.0 | 386 | 4 | 1.0 | 388 | 6 | 1.5 |
Caesarean section | 384 | 13 | 3.4 | 386 | 11 | 2.9 | 388 | 8 | 2.1 |
Reasons for operative birth | |||||||||
Poor progress | 17 | 4 | 23.5 | 15 | 6 | 40.0 | 14 | 5 | 35.7 |
Fetal distress | 17 | 1 | 5.9 | 15 | 1 | 6.7 | 14 | 1 | 7.1 |
Other | 17 | 12 | 70.6 | 15 | 8 | 53.3 | 14 | 8 | 57.1 |
GAP, gentle assisted pushing.