Hospital and study descriptors
| Hospital descriptors, n(%) | Academic hospital | 821 (83.4%) |
| District or community hospital | 67 (6.8%) | |
| Mixed hospital types | 74 (7.5%) | |
| Other | 23 (2.4%) | |
| Hospital location | Urban | 884 (89.7%) |
| Rural | 25 (2.5%) | |
| Mixed locations | 76 (7.7%) | |
| Study design | Retrospective | 685 (69.5%) |
| Prospective | 266 (27.0%) | |
| Ambispective | 34 (3.5%) | |
| Audit | 711 (72.2%) | |
| Non-randomised cohort | 225 (22.8%) | |
| Case–control | 24 (2.4%) | |
| Randomised controlled trial | 25 (2.5%) | |
| Urgency | Planned | 292 (29.6%) |
| Emergent | 415 (42.1%) | |
| Mixed | 338 (34.3%) |
‘Other’ hospital types include facilities run by Médecins Sans Frontières. ‘Planned’ and ‘Emergent’ rows include studies providing mortality stratified on urgency and therefore totals exceed 100%.