Inverse-variance aggregated perioperative mortality rate (POMR) across the 34 most commonly reported procedures or diagnoses described in the low-income and middle-income countries surgical outcomes literature, 2009–2014
| Diagnostic or procedure code | Description | Number of studies | Total number of deaths | Total denominator | Median POMR (range, %) | Inverse-variance aggregated POMR (%, 95 CI) | I-Squared (%) |
| CAES | Caesarean section | 55 | 805 | 3 66 501 | 0.12 (0–15.61) | 0.05 (0 to 0.13) | 93.52 |
| CABG | Coronary artery bypass graft | 49 | 5807 | 1 23 513 | 3.60 (0–52.81) | 4.38 (3.47 to 5.37) | 97.32 |
| EPH | Emergency peripartum hysterectomy | 39 | 196 | 2245 | 10.30 (0–31.03) | 7.81 (5.81 to 10.04) | 64.27 |
| VALVE | Cardiac valve procedures | 35 | 1197 | 30 365 | 4.29 (0–15.07) | 4.17 (3.05 to 5.45) | 93.61 |
| CARD | Cardiac surgery, not otherwise specified | 31 | 7847 | 1 23 060 | 4.79 (0–23.08) | 4.96 (3.81 to 6.25) | 97.80 |
| COLRES | Colon resection, excluding resection for volvulus | 27 | 356 | 12 636 | 1.86 (0–33.64) | 2.83 (1.62 to 4.31) | 92.35 |
| APPY | Appendicitis | 23 | 28 | 5237 | 0 (0–2.78) | 0.01 (0 to 0.19) | 37.74 |
| LUNGRES | Pulmonary resection, excluding resection for tuberculosis | 23 | 96 | 5630 | 1.14 (0–13.76) | 1.3 (0.48 to 2.41) | 84.46 |
| PERF | Perforated hollow viscus, excluding perforations secondary to salmonella typhi infection | 22 | 264 | 2427 | 11.85 (0–40.00) | 11.85 (8.35 to 15.83) | 84.73 |
| LIVRES | Hepatic resection | 20 | 99 | 7243 | 1.38 (0–13.16) | 1.04 (0.32 to 2.02) | 77.08 |
| MULTI | Multispecialty patient population, usually institution-level surgical mortality | 19 | 1645 | 1 77 283 | 1.06 (0.16–7.36) | 1.29 (0.77 to 1.94) | 99.02 |
| PCARD | Paediatric cardiac procedures, excluding complex congenital heart disease and valve-specific procedures | 19 | 538 | 6618 | 7.14 (0–24.24) | 6.76 (4.99 to 8.75) | 81.36 |
| RIM | Resection of intracranial mass | 19 | 20 | 814 | 0 (0–5.88) | 1.29 (0.41 to 2.51) | 0.00 |
| GASTCA | Gastric cancer | 18 | 267 | 8250 | 2.71 (0–18.97) | 3.72 (1.92 to 6.01) | 94.48 |
| INGHERN | Inguinal hernia | 17 | 71 | 11 196 | 0 (0–9.73) | 0.38 (0 to 1.22) | 93.48 |
| LAPAR | Laparotomy, not meeting other abdominal surgery codes. Includes laparotomy performed for trauma | 17 | 354 | 3064 | 11.11 (4.94–42.11) | 12.53 (9.39 to 16.04) | 83.70 |
| PAED | Paediatric surgical procedures, not otherwise specified | 17 | 355 | 54 389 | 3.57 (0–62.22) | 6.16 (4.06 to 8.64) | 98.64 |
| CHOLE | Cholecystectomy | 15 | 4 | 6088 | 0 (0–0.15) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0.00 |
| UTRUP | Uterine rupture | 15 | 87 | 1169 | 8.22 (0–17.50) | 7.36 (4.42 to 10.88) | 71.74 |
| ESOCA | Esophageal carcinoma | 13 | 134 | 1802 | 5.81 (0–24.00) | 5.4 (2.28 to 9.54) | 89.16 |
| CCHD | Complex congenital heart disease | 12 | 93 | 596 | 14.65 (0–61.54) | 14.94 (7.03 to 24.75) | 83.32 |
| BOBS | Bowel obstruction | 10 | 137 | 1158 | 8.79 (2.27–38.10) | 12.32 (6.77 to 19.15) | 89.13 |
| ICH | Intracranial haemorrhage | 10 | 224 | 1011 | 25.48 (3.77–62.22) | 24.47 (15.88 to 34.16) | 89.05 |
| LIVTRAUM | Hepatic trauma | 10 | 133 | 909 | 17.01 (6.80–61.11) | 15.84 (10.31 to 22.16) | 76.86 |
| WHIP | Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy | 10 | 90 | 2065 | 2.84 (0–9.92) | 2.94 (1.61 to 4.57) | 52.48 |
| MIS | Minimally invasive surgery, not otherwise specified | 9 | 2 | 1314 | 0 (0–4.17) | 0 (0 to 0.1) | 0.00 |
| RECTAL | Rectal resection | 9 | 6 | 1032 | 0 (0–5.88) | 0.07 (0 to 0.92) | 50.09 |
| SPINE | Spine surgery, excluding trauma | 9 | 11 | 518 | 0 (0–8.96) | 0.77 (0 to 3.8) | 67.18 |
| TIP | Typhoid intestinal perforation | 9 | 134 | 662 | 20.73 (4.55–33.33) | 20.09 (14.36 to 26.48) | 71.46 |
| AABDO | Acute abdomen but not meeting other abdominal surgery codes | 8 | 228 | 2877 | 10.42 (4.90–34.88) | 11.2 (7.42 to 15.62) | 86.27 |
| ACHI | All-comer head injury | 8 | 377 | 1390 | 23.08 (10.00–54.58) | 27.2 (14.98 to 41.39) | 96.32 |
| BILD | Bile duct procedures, excluding Whipple procedure | 8 | 51 | 714 | 2.30 (0–21.54) | 4.08 (0.1 to 11.63) | 91.49 |
| INTUSS | Intussusception | 8 | 43 | 355 | 3.66 (0–33.70) | 4.8 (0.03 to 14.28) | 88.09 |
| TAD | Thoracic aortic disease | 8 | 775 | 4203 | 8.66 (0–20.30) | 9.5 (3.96 to 16.74) | 91.49 |