Organisational base of lead and last author by country classification (n=649)
| LIC lead | MIC lead | HIC lead | LIC last | MIC last | HIC last | |
| University | 45 (50%) | 135 (53%) | 212 (70%) | 37 (55%) | 132 (57%) | 223 (63%) |
| Research institute | 12 (13%) | 60 (24%) | 19 (6%) | 11 (16%) | 46 (20%) | 34 (10%) |
| Health service | 10 (11%) | 26 (10%) | 14 (5%) | 5 (7%) | 22 (10%) | 23 (7%) |
| Other* | 23 (26%) | 34 (13%) | 59 (19%) | 15 (22%) | 31 (13%) | 70 (20%) |
| Total | 90 (100%) | 254 (100%) | 305 (100%) | 68 (100%) | 231 (100%) | 350 (100%) |
*Local or international non-governmental organisation, bilateral, multilateral agency.
HIC, high-income country; LIC, low-income country; MIC, middle-income country.