Country | India | Pakistan | Kenya | Malawi | Total | |
Number of women* | 2099 | 3287 | 3145 | 2923 | 11 454 | |
Infectious morbidity (%) | ||||||
Condition* | Definition | |||||
HIV | Positive | 0.3 | 0.3 | 3.6 | 14.3 | 4.8 |
Malaria | Positive | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 10.2 | 2.7 |
Syphilis | Positive | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 3.4 | 0.9 |
Positive screening for chest infection/possible TB | Symptomatic cough>2 weeks | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 |
Number of women with CRP measured† | 1873 | 792 | 2984 | 1544 | 7193 | |
Septic inflammatory response syndrome† | Any two of the following: -PR>90 beats per min -RR>20 breaths per min -T<36°C or T>38°C -Raised CRP mg/dL | 15.4 | 25.8 | 38.2 | 45.6 | 32.5 |
At least one infectious condition | 15.9 | 27.0 | 40.4 | 56.5 | 36.0 | |
Medical or obstetric morbidity (%) | ||||||
Condition | Definition | |||||
Anaemia | Hb<110 g/L | 61.2 | 68.7 | 23.9 | 41.0 | 47.9 |
Hypertension | BP≥140/90, no proteinuria | 1.5 | 4.8 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 2.4 |
Pre-eclampsia | BP≥140/90, proteinuria (PR≥++) | 0.1 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.6 |
Urine incontinence | Symptom and/or finding on examination | 1.7 | 9.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 3.6 |
Antenatal haemorrhage | Symptom and/or finding on examination | 5.3 | 8.2 | 5.2 | 0.6 | 4.9 |
At least one medical or obstetric condition | 62.8 | 71.2 | 27.1 | 41.5 | 50.0 |
*Where data were missing for a condition, the condition was regarded as being absent. For purposes of deriving morbidities, % missing was: HIV 9.7%, malaria 5.3%, syphilis 8.9%, screening for chest infection/TB 2.0%, anaemia 1.9%, BP 2.3%, urine incontinence 0.5%.
†CRP was not measured at some primary level facilities in Malawi and Pakistan. Only participants for whom a CRP result was obtained are included in these statistics.
BP, blood pressure; CRP, C reactive protein; Hb, haemoglobin; PR, pulse rate; RR, respiratory rate; TB, tuberculosis.