Impact of voucher programme and free maternity policy on service utilisation and source of care
| Period 1–Period 2 | Period 2–Period 3 | |||
| D-in-D estimator* (95% CI) | P values | D-in-D estimator* (95% CI) | P values | |
| Service utilisation | ||||
| 4+ ANC visits | 0.012 (−0.035 to 0.059) | P=0.619 | 0.047 (−0.012 to 0.105) | P=0.119 |
| Facility delivery | 0.055 (0.013 to 0.098) | P=0.011 | −0.049 (−0.102 to 0.003) | P=0.064 |
| PNC | 0.038 (−0.005 to 0.081) | P=0.083 | 0.009 (−0.045 to 0.063) | P=0.733 |
| Complete care | 0.021 (−0.024 to 0.066) | P=0.366 | 0.045 (−0.011 to 0.101) | P=0.117 |
| Recommended care | 0.000 (−0.031 to 0.031) | P=0.999 | 0.057 (0.018 to 0.096) | P=0.004 |
| Private sector market share | ||||
| ANC† | 0.075 (0.043 to 0.106) | P<0.001 | 0.025 (−0.015 to 0.066) | P=0.218 |
| Facility delivery | 0.105 (0.049 to 0.160) | P<0.001 | 0.000 (−0.059 to 0.059) | P=1.000 |
| PNC | 0.110 (0.058 to 0.162) | P<0.001 | −0.001 (−0.067 to 0.048) | P=0.744 |
| Complete care‡ | 0.147 (0.073 to 0.222) | P<0.001 | −0.008 (−0.086 to 0.070) | P=0.842 |
| Recommended care‡ | 0.181 (0.045 to 0.317) | P=0.009 | −0.030 (−0.160 to 0.100) | P=0.652 |
*Mixed-effects linear regression model adjusted for child’s birth year, woman’s age at birth, education, wealth, residence, marital status, employment, parity and random effects at the county sublocation, village and mother levels.
†Among users of 4+ ANC visits.
‡Proportion of users who received care from the private sector for at least one service in the 4+ ANC, delivery care and PNC continuum.
ANC, antenatal care; PNC, postnatal care.