Characteristics of children retained at 12 years and those lost to follow-up
| 12-year follow-up | Lost to follow-up | |||
| Control | Intervention | Before end of trial | After end of trial | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Location | ||||
| Urban | 194 (47%) | 190 (47%) | 47 (68%) | 196 (62%) |
| Rural | 215 (53%) | 214 (53%) | 22 (32%) | 122 (38%) |
| District | ||||
| Dhanusha | 339 (83%) | 325 (80%) | 59 (86%) | 265 (83 %) |
| Mahottari | 70 (17%) | 75 (19%) | 10 (14%) | 51 (16%) |
| Sarlahi | 0 | 2 (0.5%) | 0 | 1 (0.3%) |
| Siraha | 0 | 2 (0.5%) | 0 | 1 (0.3%) |
| Main household livelihood | ||||
| No work | 47 (11%) | 46 (11%) | 1 (1 %) | 36 (11%) |
| Farming | 70 (17%) | 65 (16%) | 7 (10%) | 39 (12%) |
| Salaried | 150 (37%) | 167 (41%) | 34 (49%) | 162 (51%) |
| Small business | 80 (20%) | 75 (19%) | 19 (28%) | 49 (15%) |
| Waged labour | 50 (12%) | 43 (11%) | 5 (7%) | 21 (7%) |
| Student | 7 (2%) | 4 (1%) | 3 (4 %) | 3 (1 %) |
| Out of country | 5 (1%) | 4 (1%) | 0 | 8 (3%) |
| Mother’s age at enrolment | ||||
| <20 years | 118 (29%) | 124 (31%) | 20 (29%) | 99 (31%) |
| 20–29 years | 269 (66%) | 266 (66%) | 44 (64%) | 206 (65%) |
| ≥30 years | 22 (5%) | 14 (3%) | 5 (7%) | 13 (4%) |
| Ethnic origin, N | 316 | |||
| Dalit Plains | 9 (2%) | 12 (3%) | 2 (3%) | 6 (2%) |
| Muslim | 21 (5%) | 29 (7%) | 8 (12%) | 19 (6%) |
| Janjati Hills | 7 (2%) | 9 (2%) | 2 (3%) | 14 (4%) |
| Other Terai (Plains) groups | 289 (70%) | 266 (66%) | 38 (55%) | 193 (61%) |
| Brahmin Chhetri Hills | 23 (6%) | 21 (5%) | 6 (9%) | 22 (7%) |
| Brahmin Chhetri Plains | 60 (15%) | 67 (17%) | 13 (19%) | 62 (20%) |
| Land ownership | ||||
| No land | 19 (5%) | 23 (6%) | 6 (9%) | 20 (6%) |
| <30 dhur (about 500 m2) | 281 (69%) | 280 (69%) | 45 (65%) | 219 (69%) |
| ≥30 dhur | 109 (27%) | 101 (25%) | 18 (26%) | 79 (25%) |
| Appliance score, N | 68 | |||
| Motor vehicle, TV or refrigerator | 209 (51%) | 200 (50%) | 36 (53%) | 168 (53%) |
| Sewing machine, cassette player, camera, fan, bullock cart, wall clock, radio, iron or bicycle | 145 (35%) | 139 (34%) | 21 (31%) | 96 (30%) |
| None of the above | 55 (13%) | 65 (16%) | 11 (16%) | 54 (17%) |
| Maternal education at enrolment | ||||
| None | 199 (49%) | 200 (50%) | 27 (39%) | 118 (37%) |
| Primary | 37 (9%) | 31 (8%) | 16 (23%) | 39 (12%) |
| Secondary or higher | 173 (42%) | 173 (43%) | 26 (38%) | 161 (51%) |
| Mother’s body mass index at enrolment, N | 408 | 403 | ||
| <18.5 kg/m2 | 126 (31%) | 120 (30%) | 23 (34%) | 73 (23%) |
| ≥18.5 kg/m2 | 282 (69%) | 283 (70%) | 45 (66%) | 245 (77%) |
| Parity at birth of index child | ||||
| 0 | 179 (44%) | 175 (43%) | 33 (48%) | 153 (48%) |
| 1–2 | 176 (43%) | 196 (49%) | 28 (40%) | 137 (43%) |
| ≥3 | 54 (13%) | 33 (8%) | 8 (12%) | 28 (9%) |
| Preterm, N | 8 | |||
| (<37 weeks’ gestation by ultrasound assessment) | 25 (6%) | 25 (6%) | 3 (38%) | 48 (15%) |
| Place of birth, N | 5 | |||
| Hospital | 212 (52%) | 246 (60%) | – | 188 (59%) |
| Home | 187 (46%) | 156 (39%) | 3 (60%) | 116 (36%) |
| On the way | 10 (2%) | 2 (1%) | 2 (40%) | 14 (4%) |
| Child sex, N | 407 | |||
| Girl | 203 (50%) | 196 (49%) | – | 160 (51%) |
| Boy | 204 (50%) | 208 (51%) | – | 152 (49%) |
| Total | 409 (100) | 404 (100) | 69 (100) | 318 (100) |