Table 1

Interventions used in this review

Risk factor/disease	WHO ’best buy'	Specific interventions
Tobacco	Raise taxes on tobacco	Introduce or increase excise taxes
	Protect people from tobacco smoke	Ban smoking in public places
	Enforce bans on tobacco advertising	Advertising/promotion/sponsorship bans
	Warn about the dangers of tobacco	Information and warnings on tobacco packaging
		Mass media campaigns
		Group smoking reduction programmes
		Individual programmes
Unhealthy diet and physical inactivity	Mass media campaigns—physical activity	Evidence-informed campaigns on activity
	Mass media campaigns—diet	Evidence-informed campaigns on diet
	Replace trans fat with polyunsaturated fat	Reformulation
		Labelling
		Mass media campaigns
	Reduce salt intake	Mass media campaigns
		Reformulation
Harmful alcohol use	Raise taxes on alcohol	Introduce or increase excise taxes
	Restrict access to retailed alcohol	Regulating commercial and public availability*
	Enforce bans on alcohol advertising	Advertising/promotion bans
Cardiovascular disease	Counselling and polydrug therapy for high-risk groups†	Prevention: polydrug (≥2 antihypertensives) if BP >160/100
		Prevention: polydrug (≥2 agents) if 10-year CVD risk ≥30%
		IHD/stroke treatment: combination of aspirin+B blocker+ACE inhibitor
		Diabetes (HbA1c >9%): ≥1 antidiabetic; polydrug Rx if BP >165/95
Cancers	Treat heart attacks with aspirin	Acetylsalicylic acid for acute myocardial infarction
	Hepatitis B immunisation to prevent liver cancer	Hepatitis B immunisation
	Screening and treatment to prevent cervical cancer	VIA/Pap smear with timely treatment of precancerous lesions

*We have included legislative age restrictions on alcohol use as a means of restricting access to retailed alcohol.
†Studies on medical treatment were included even if they did not include a counselling component.
BP, blood pressure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; Rx, therapy; VIA, visual inspection with acetic acid.