No. of papers | n=6 | n=2 | n=1 | n=4 | n=1 | n=14 |
Characteristic | USA | Canada | Australia | Korea | India | Total |
Publication year | ||||||
2000–2005 | 3 | 3 | ||||
2006–2010 | 2 | 1 | 3 | |||
2011–2013 | 1 | 1 | ||||
2014–2016 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 7 | |
Population age (years) | ||||||
≥65 | 3 | 1 | 4 | |||
15–64 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 7 |
All | 2 | 1 | 3 | |||
Study design | ||||||
Cross-sectional | 5 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 13 |
Pooled cross-sectional | 1 | 1 | ||||
How multimorbidity was studied | ||||||
By number of NCDs | 6 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 13 | |
Specific combinations of NCDs | 1 | 1 | ||||
Secondary outcomes for multimorbidity | ||||||
(a) Impact of multimorbidity on medicine utilisation | ||||||
Yes | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | ||
No | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 9 |
(b) Coping strategies for OOPE for Medicines | ||||||
Yes | 2 | 2 | ||||
No | 6 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 12 | |
c) OOPE for other healthcare services | ||||||
Yes | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 | ||
No | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 8 | |
Quality assessment | ||||||
High | 4 | 2 | 1 | 7 | ||
Moderate | 2 | 2 | 4 | |||
Satisfactory | 2 | 1 | 3 |
NCD, non-communicable disease ; OOPE, out-of-pocket expenditure.