Table 1

Linear regression coefficients and relative 95% CIs coming from crude models and from multivariate models investigating the association of independent variables in relation to T2D and intermediate variables (n=number of countries)

VariatesCrude
β coefficient
(95% CI)
Adjusted
(urban percentage)
β coefficient
(95% CI)
Adjusted
(agglomeration index)
β coefficient
(95% CI)
NT2DNT2DNT2D
Urban percentage2070.048*
(0.022 to 0.074)
126−0.024
(−0.058 to 0.009)
Agglomeration index1620.082*
(0.058 to 0.105)
1090.054*
(0.019 to 0.089)
Obesity1870.281*
(0.233 to 0.329)
1260.233*
(0.149 to 0.317)
1090.148*
(0.052 to 0.244)
Physical inactivity1430.204*
(0.142 to 0.265)
1260.142*
(0.085 to 0.199)
1090.106*
(0.045 to 0.167)
Sugar consumption1730.114*
(0.075 to 0.152)
1260.016
(−0.044 to 0.076)
1090.011
(−0.056 to 0.078)
GDP per capita1830.020
(−0.018 to 0.057)
126−0.060
(−0.103 to −0.017)
109−0.069
(−0.108 to −0.031)
NPhysical inactivityNPhysical inactivityNPhysical inactivity
Urban percentage1430.210*
(0.136 to 0.283)
1360.128*
(0.033 to 0.224)
Agglomeration index1180·261*
(0.185 to 0.336)
1120.203*
(0.111 to 0.295)
Obesity1410.461*
(0.305 to 0.617)
1360.359*
(0.185 to 0.532)
1120.216
(−0.006 to 0.437)
GDP per capita1380.182*
(0.080 to 0.285)
136−0.007
(−0.126 to 0.111)
1120.025
(−0.082 to 0.132)
NObesityNObesityNObesity
Urban percentage1870.229*
(0.170 to 0.288)
1260.045
(−0.027 to 0.117)
Agglomeration index1530.234*
(0.177 to 0.290)
1090.040
(−0.031 to 0.110)
Physical inactivity1410.429*
(0.284 to 0.574)
1260.112
(−0.008 to 0.233)
1090.109
(−0.012 to 0.231)
Sugar consumption1660.457*
(0·388 to 0.525)
1260.432*
(0.328 to 0.535)
1090.426*
(0.317 to 0.534)
GDP per capita1780.236*
(0.151 to 0.321)
126−0.015
(−0.107 to 0.077)
1090.020
(−0.059 to 0.981)
NSugar consumptionNSugar consumptionNSugar consumption
Urban percentage1730.370*
(0.283 to 0.457)
1650.242*
(0·.136 to 0.347)
Agglomeration index1480.375*
(0.282 to 0.468)
1430.280*
(0.186 to 0.373)
GDP per capita1650.451*
(0.339 to 0.563)
1650.273*
(0.141 to 0.404)
1430.305*
(0.193 to 0.417)
  • *p Value <0.005.

  • GDP, gross domestic product; T2D, type 2 diabetes.