SHI financial protection effects among internal migrants who used inpatient services in the 2014 National Internal Migrant Dynamic Monitoring Survey: results of three-level GLMMs with log link (n=5378)
| Characteristics | Percentage of OOP payments for the latest inpatient service during the past 12 months in total household expenditure | |||
| Exp(b) (95% CI) | p Value | Exp(badjusted) (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Fixed effects | ||||
| Social health insurance schemes | ||||
| No SHI (ref) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Only NCMS | 1.236 (1.036 to 1.474) | 0.019 | 0.859 (0.791 to 0.934) | <0.001 |
| Only UE/RBMI | 0.936 (0.741 to 1.183) | 0.581 | 0.661 (0.586 to 0.745) | <0.001 |
| NCMS+UE/RBMI | 1.293 (0.957 to 1.779) | 0.092 | 0.732 (0.603 to 0.890) | 0.002 |
| Percentage of medical expenditures for the latest inpatient service in total household expenditure (%)* | 2.081 (2.036 to 2.128) | <0.001 | 1.853 (1.817 to 1.891) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 1.117 (1.084 to 1.100) | <0.001 | 1.016 (1.013 to 1.020) | <0.001 |
| Number of people per household* | 0.485 (0.460 to 0.512) | <0.001 | 0.981 (0.947 to 1.017) | 0.304 |
| Duration of migration (months) | 1.006 (1.006 to 1.007) | <0.001 | 1.000 (1.000 to 1.001) | 0.782 |
| Monthly household income (US$)* | 0.996 (0.996 to 0.996) | <0.001 | 1.000 (0.999 to 1.000) | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male (ref) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Female | 0.094 (0.082 to 0.108) | <0.001 | 0.792 (0.742 to 0.847) | <0.001 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married (ref) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Single | 3.171 (2.784 to 3.615) | <0.001 | 1.274 (1.122 to 1.446) | <0.001 |
| Education level | ||||
| Primary school and less (ref) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Secondary school | 0.546 (0.490 to 0.608) | <0.001 | 1.110 (1.027 to 1.198) | 0.008 |
| High school | 0.335 (0.273 to 0.410) | <0.001 | 1.149 (1.033 to 1.279) | 0.011 |
| College and above | 0.168 (0.110 to 0.257) | <0.001 | 1.174 (1.018 to 1.353) | 0.027 |
| Employment status | ||||
| Employee (ref) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Employer | 1.028 (0.815 to 1.300) | 0.811 | 1.137 (0.993 to 1.301) | 0.064 |
| Self-employed | 0.796 (0.688 to 0.920) | 0.002 | 0.990 (0.909 to 1.078) | 0.818 |
| Unemployed | 1.047 (0.919 to 1.192) | 0.494 | 0.927 (0.859 to 1.000) | 0.050 |
| Migrating with families | ||||
| Yes (ref) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| No | 2.651 (2.316 to 3.037) | <0.001 | 0.934 (0.811 to 1.076) | 0.344 |
| Level of health facilities accessed in the latest inpatient service | ||||
| County/district hospitals and below (ref) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Municipal hospitals and above | 3.732 (3.408 to 4.084) | <0.001 | 1.309 (1.221 to 1.402) | <0.001 |
| Location of health facilities accessed in the latest inpatient service | ||||
| Out of county of origin (ref) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Within county of origin | 0.262 (0.204 to 2.974) | <0.001 | 0.974 (0.899 to 1.058) | 0.540 |
| Region of sending provinces | ||||
| Eastern China (ref) | 1 | – | – | – |
| Central China | 1.021 (0.863 to 1.208) | 0.807 | – | – |
| Western China | 0.996 (0.840 to 1.182) | 0.967 | – | – |
| Random effects | ||||
| Variance among current cities of residence (estimate (SE)) | 0.106 (0.041) | |||
| Variance among current counties/districts of residence within cities (estimate (SE)) | 0.456 (0.048) | |||
| Variance among IMs within counties/districts (estimate (SE)) | 0.212 (0.004) | |||
US$1=¥6.8.
*Household only included persons who live and eat together at current residence.
–, no data; Exp(b), exponentiation of the regression coefficient; GLMM, generalised linear mixed model; IMs, internal migrants; NCMS, new rural cooperative medical scheme; OOP, out-of-pocket; ref, reference group; SHI, social health insurance; UE/RBMI, urban employee-based/resident-based basic medical insurance scheme.