Characteristics of persons living in USA, China and urban India, as captured by studies performed using a representative sample
| USA | China | Urban India | |
| Age (years) | 47.3 (0.4) | 42.3 (0.2) | 41.9 (0.7) |
| 20–40 (%) | 38.5 | 48.7 | 50.1 |
| 41–60 (%) | 37.4 | 35.7 | 42.8 |
| 61+ (%) | 24.1 | 14.2 | 7.1 |
| Missing (%) | 1.3 | ||
| Female (%) | 51.9 | 49.7 | 52.1 |
| Current or former smoker (%) | 39.4 | 22.8 | 14.7 |
| History of cardiovascular disease (%)* | 8.2 | 1.7 | 3.0 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 99.1 (0.3) | 80.6 (0.1) | 86.7 (0.4) |
| Missing (%) | 2.8 | 0.9 | 3.3 |
| Abnormal (%)† | 54.7 | 51.2 | 55.7 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 120.6 (0.3) | 125.7 (0.2) | 124.3 (0.7) |
| Missing (%) | 3.2 | 0.9 | 1.8 |
| <130 (%) | 73.5 | 62.9 | 66.9 |
| 130≤140 (%) | 11.9 | 14.4 | 14.4 |
| ≥140 (%) | 11.5 | 21.9 | 17.0 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 69.7 (0.3) | 80.50 (0.1) | 82.77 (0.3) |
| Missing (%) | 3.6 | 0.9 | 1.8 |
| <85 (%) | 89.1 | 68.7 | 59.7 |
| 85≤90 (%) | 3.9 | 9.6 | 14.7 |
| ≥90 (%) | 3.4 | 20.9 | 23.9 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 104.8 (0.5) | 94.23 (0.2) | 110.96 (0.9) |
| Missing (%) | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.2 |
| <5.6 (%) | 53.9 | 76.0 | 50.1 |
| 5.6≤6.9 (%) | 36.8 | 19.5 | 35.9 |
| ≥7.0 (%) | 9.3 | 4.0 | 13.7 |
| Haemoglobin A1c (%) | 5.6 (0.2) | 6.30 (0.1) | |
| Missing (%) | 0.2 | − | 0.9 |
| <5.7 (%) | 67.4 | − | 34.3 |
| 5.7–6.4 (%) | 24.0 | − | 39.2 |
| ≥6.5 (%) | 8.4 | − | 25.6 |
| Diabetes (%)‡ | 13.2 | 5.0 | 28.2 |
| Hypertension (%)‡ | 37.7 | 30.3 | 34.6 |
| CKD (%) | 15.2 | 13.7 | 8.1 |
Values are reported as mean (SE) or per cent as appropriate, using complex survey methods.
*Includes stroke, peripheral arterial disease, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction/coronary artery disease.
†Abnormal waist circumference as based on ethnicity-specific cut-offs.18
‡A participant is defined as having diabetes if he or she is in the upper fasting glucose or A1c categories or self-reported physician diagnosis of diabetes. A participant is defined as having hypertension if he or she is in the upper systolic or diastolic blood pressure categories or self-reported physician diagnosis of hypertension.
CKD, chronic kidney disease.