Table 2

Univariate binomial regression analysis testing the association of key independent variables with rating of app importance

Characteristic	N (users)	Probability of rating app as very important or absolutely essential (%) and 95% CI			Univariate p value	Directionality versus reference category
			Low	High
Country income	n=8103				Wald variable p<0.001
Low income	249	66	60	72	Reference category
Lower middle income	2510	58	56	60	0.014	Less important
Upper middle income	2432	48	46	50	<0.001	Less important
High income	2912	37	35	38	<0.001	Less important
Provider type	n=8110				Wald variable p<0.001
Physician	2572	45	43	47	Reference category
Physician trainee	1972	44	42	46	NS	–
Medical student	329	55	50	60	<0.001	More important
AA or CRNA	1974	49	47	52	<0.01	More important
AA or CRNA trainee	320	54	48	59	<0.01	More important
Anaesthesia technician/technically trained	530	51	47	55	0.012	More important
All others	413	55	50	60	<0.001	More important
Practice model	n=5527				Wald variable p<0.001
Physician only	1680	42	40	44	Reference category
Physician supervised, anaesthesiologist on site	2615	47	45	49	<0.01	More important
Physician supervised, non-anaesthesiologist on site	383	49	44	54	0.020	More important
Physician supervised, no physician on site	199	55	48	62	<0.001	More important
No physician supervision	378	51	45	56	<0.01	More important
Not an anaesthesia provider	272	47	42	53	NS	–
Practice size	n=6290				Wald variable p<0.001
Solo	2768	51	49	52	Reference category
Small group<10	1463	48	45	50	NS	–
Medium group 10–25	691	43	40	47	<0.001	Less important
Large group >25	1368	41	38	43	<0.001	Less important
Length of practice	n=3689				Wald variable p=0.032
0–5 years	1581	45	42	47	Reference category
6–10 years	745	46	43	50	NS	–
11–20 years	625	45	41	49	NS	–
>21 years	738	51	47	55	<0.01	More important
Practice type	n=6033				Wald variable p=NS
Private clinic or office	987	44	41	47	Reference category
Local health clinic	481	44	39	48	NS	–
Ambulatory surgery centre	302	46	41	52	NS	–
Small community hospital	744	47	43	51	NS	–
Large community hospital	1831	49	46	51	0.024	More important
Academic department/university hospital	1688	47	44	49	NS	–
Primary community served	n=3548				Wald variable p=NS
Urban	2067	48	46	50	Reference category
Suburban	657	46	43	50	NS	–
Rural	824	45	41	48	NS	–

AA, anaesthesiologist assistants; CRNA, certified registered nurse anaesthetists.